text:
(a) After a petition has been filed pursuant to Section 311 to declare a child a dependent child of the juvenile court, and until the time that the petition is dismissed or dependency is terminated, upon application in the manner provided by Section 527 of the Code of Civil Procedure or in the manner provided by Section 6300 of the Family Code, if related to domestic violence, the juvenile court has exclusive jurisdiction to issue ex parte orders (1) enjoining a person from molesting, attacking, striking, stalking, threatening, sexually assaulting, battering, harassing, telephoning, including, but not limited to, making annoying telephone calls as described in Section 653m of the Penal Code, destroying the personal property, contacting, either directly or indirectly, by mail or otherwise, coming within a specified distance of, or disturbing the peace of the child or any other child in the household; and (2) excluding a person from the dwelling of the person who has care, custody, and control of the child. A court may also issue an ex parte order enjoining a person from molesting, attacking, striking, stalking, threatening, sexually assaulting, battering, harassing, telephoning, including, but not limited to, making annoying telephone calls as described in Section 653m of the Penal Code, destroying the personal property, contacting, either directly or indirectly, by mail or otherwise, coming within a specified distance of, or disturbing the peace of any parent, legal guardian, or current caretaker of the child, regardless of whether the child resides with that parent, legal guardian, or current caretaker, upon application in the manner provided by Section 527 of the Code of Civil Procedure or, if related to domestic violence, in the manner provided by Section 6300 of the Family Code. A court may also issue an ex parte order enjoining a person from molesting, attacking, striking, stalking, threatening, sexually assaulting, battering, harassing, telephoning, including, but not limited to, making annoying telephone calls as described in Section 653m of the Penal Code, destroying the personal property, contacting, either directly or indirectly, by mail or otherwise, coming within a specified distance of, or disturbing the peace of the child’s current or former social worker or court appointed special advocate, upon application in the manner provided by Section 527 of the Code of Civil Procedure. On a showing of good cause, in an ex parte order issued pursuant to this subdivision in connection with an animal owned, possessed, leased, kept, or held by a person protected by the restraining order, or residing in the residence or household of a person protected by the restraining order, the court may do either or both of the following:

(1) Grant the applicant exclusive care, possession, or control of the animal.

(2) Order the restrained person to stay away from the animal and refrain from taking, transferring, encumbering, concealing, molesting, attacking, striking, threatening, harming, or otherwise disposing of the animal.

(b) After a petition has been filed pursuant to Section 601 or 602 to declare a child a ward of the juvenile court, and until the time that the petition is dismissed or wardship is terminated, upon application in the manner provided by Section 527 of the Code of Civil Procedure or, if related to domestic violence, in the manner provided by Section 6300 of the Family Code, the juvenile court may issue ex parte orders (1) enjoining a person from molesting, attacking, striking, stalking, threatening, sexually assaulting, battering, harassing, telephoning, including, but not limited to, making annoying telephone calls as described in Section 653m of the Penal Code, destroying the personal property, contacting, either directly or indirectly, by mail or otherwise, coming within a specified distance of, or disturbing the peace of the child or any other child in the household; (2) excluding a person from the dwelling of the person who has care, custody, and control of the child; or (3) enjoining the child from contacting, threatening, stalking, or disturbing the peace of a person the court finds to be at risk from the conduct of the child, or with whom association would be detrimental to the child. A court may also issue an ex parte order enjoining a person from molesting, attacking, striking, stalking, threatening, sexually assaulting, battering, harassing, telephoning, including, but not limited to, making annoying telephone calls as described in Section 653m of the Penal Code, destroying the personal property, contacting, either directly or indirectly, by mail or otherwise, coming within a specified distance of, or disturbing the peace of any parent, legal guardian, or current caretaker of the child, regardless of whether the child resides with that parent, legal guardian, or current caretaker, upon application in the manner provided by Section 527 of the Code of Civil Procedure or, if related to domestic violence, in the manner provided by Section 6300 of the Family Code. A court may also issue an ex parte order enjoining a person from molesting, attacking, striking, stalking, threatening, sexually assaulting, battering, harassing, telephoning, including, but not limited to, making annoying telephone calls as described in Section 653m of the Penal Code, destroying the personal property, contacting, either directly or indirectly, by mail or otherwise, coming within a specified distance of, or disturbing the peace of the child’s current or former probation officer or court appointed special advocate, upon application in the manner provided by Section 527 of the Code of Civil Procedure. On a showing of good cause, in an ex parte order issued pursuant to this subdivision in connection with an animal owned, possessed, leased, kept, or held by a person protected by the restraining order, or residing in the residence or household of a person protected by the restraining order, the court may do either or both of the following:

(1) Grant the applicant exclusive care, possession, or control of the animal.

(2) Order the respondent to stay away from the animal and refrain from taking, transferring, encumbering, concealing, molesting, attacking, striking, threatening, harming, or otherwise disposing of the animal.

(c) (1) If a temporary restraining order is granted without notice, the matter shall be made returnable on an order requiring cause to be shown why the order should not be granted, on the earliest day that the business of the court will permit, but not later than 21 days or, if good cause appears to the court, 25 days from the date the temporary restraining order is granted. The court may, on the motion of the person seeking the restraining order, or on its own motion, shorten the time for the service of the order to show cause on the person to be restrained.

(2) The respondent shall be entitled, as a matter of course, to one continuance, for a reasonable period, to respond to the petition.

(3) Either party may request a continuance of the hearing, which the court shall grant on a showing of good cause. The request may be made in writing before or at the hearing or orally at the hearing. The court may also grant a continuance on its own motion.

(4) If the court grants a continuance, a temporary restraining order that has been issued shall remain in effect until the end of the continued hearing, unless otherwise ordered by the court. In granting a continuance, the court may modify or terminate a temporary restraining order.

(5) A hearing pursuant to this section may be held simultaneously with any regularly scheduled hearings held in proceedings to declare a child a dependent child or ward of the juvenile court pursuant to Section 300, 601, or 602, or subsequent hearings regarding the dependent child or ward.

(d) (1) The juvenile court may issue, upon notice and a hearing, any of the orders set forth in subdivisions (a), (b), and (c). A restraining order granted pursuant to this subdivision shall remain in effect, in the discretion of the court, no more than three years, unless otherwise terminated by the court, extended by mutual consent of all parties to the restraining order, or extended by further order of the court on the motion of any party to the restraining order.

(2) If an action is filed for the purpose of terminating or modifying a protective order prior to the expiration date specified in the order by a party other than the protected party, the party who is protected by the order shall be given notice, pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 1005 of the Code of Civil Procedure, of the proceeding by personal service or, if the protected party has satisfied the requirements of Chapter 3.1 (commencing with Section 6205) of Division 7 of Title 1 of the Government Code, by service on the Secretary of State. If the party who is protected by the order cannot be notified prior to the hearing for modification or termination of the protective order, the juvenile court shall deny the motion to modify or terminate the order without prejudice or continue the hearing until the party who is protected can be properly noticed and may, upon a showing of good cause, specify another method for service of process that is reasonably designed to afford actual notice to the protected party. The protected party may waive the right to notice if the party is physically present and does not challenge the sufficiency of the notice.

(e) (1) The juvenile court may issue an order made pursuant to subdivision (a), (b), or (d) excluding a person from a residence or dwelling. This order may be issued for the time and on the conditions that the court determines, regardless of which party holds legal or equitable title or is the lessee of the residence or dwelling.

(2) The court may issue an order under paragraph (1) only on a showing of all of the following:

(A) Facts sufficient for the court to ascertain that the party who will stay in the dwelling has a right under color of law to possession of the premises.

(B) That the party to be excluded has assaulted or threatens to assault the other party or any other person under the care, custody, and control of the other party, or a minor child of the parties or of the other party.

(C) That physical or emotional harm would otherwise result to the other party, to a person under the care, custody, and control of the other party, or to a minor child of the parties or of the other party.

(f) An order issued pursuant to subdivision (a), (b), (c), or (d) shall state on its face the date of expiration of the order.

(g) (1) In a case where a court issues a protective order pursuant to subdivision (a), (b), (c), or (d), Section 6389 of the Family Code shall apply. In accordance with that section, the court shall make a determination as to whether the restrained person is in possession or control of a firearm or ammunition, as provided in Section 6322.5 of the Family Code.

(2) Subdivision (m) of Section 6389 of the Family Code does not apply if the restrained person is a child under the jurisdiction of the juvenile court pursuant to Section 601 or 602.

(h) All data with respect to a juvenile court protective order, or extension, modification, or termination thereof, granted pursuant to subdivision (a), (b), (c), or (d), shall be transmitted by the court or its designee, within one business day, to law enforcement personnel by either one of the following methods:

(1) Transmitting a physical copy of the order to a local law enforcement agency authorized by the Department of Justice to enter orders into the California Law Enforcement Telecommunications System (CLETS).

(2) With the approval of the Department of Justice, entering the order into CLETS directly.

(i) A willful and knowing violation of an order granted pursuant to subdivision (a), (b), (c), or (d) shall be a misdemeanor punishable under Section 273.65 of the Penal Code.

(j) A juvenile court restraining order related to domestic violence issued by a court pursuant to this section shall be issued on forms adopted by the Judicial Council and that have been approved by the Department of Justice pursuant to subdivision (i) of Section 6380 of the Family Code. However, the fact that an order issued by a court pursuant to this section was not issued on forms adopted by the Judicial Council and approved by the Department of Justice shall not, in and of itself, make the order unenforceable.

(k) (1) Prior to a hearing on the issuance or denial of an order under this part, a search shall be conducted as described in subdivision (a) of Section 6306 of the Family Code.

(2) Prior to deciding whether to issue an order under this part, the court shall consider the following information obtained pursuant to a search conducted under paragraph (1): a conviction for a violent felony specified in Section 667.5 of the Penal Code or a serious felony specified in Section 1192.7 of the Penal Code; a misdemeanor conviction involving domestic violence, weapons, or other violence; an outstanding warrant; parole or probation status; a prior restraining order; and a violation of a prior restraining order.

(3) (A) If the results of the search conducted pursuant to paragraph (1) indicate that an outstanding warrant exists against the subject of the search, the court shall order the clerk of the court to immediately notify, by the most effective means available, appropriate law enforcement officials of information obtained through the search that the court determines is appropriate. The law enforcement officials notified shall take all actions necessary to execute outstanding warrants or any other actions, as appropriate and as soon as practicable.

(B) If the results of the search conducted pursuant to paragraph (1) indicate that the subject of the search is currently on parole or probation, the court shall order the clerk of the court to immediately notify, by the most effective means available, the appropriate parole or probation officer of information obtained through the search that the court determines is appropriate. The parole or probation officer notified shall take all actions necessary to revoke parole or probation, or any other actions, with respect to the subject person, as appropriate and as soon as practicable.

(l) Upon making any order for custody or visitation pursuant to this section, the court shall follow the procedures specified in subdivisions (c) and (d) of Section 6323 of the Family Code.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 685, Sec. 14. (SB 320) Effective January 1, 2022.)

article: 1. General Provisions


kind: section

code: WIC

text:
(a) If a person named in a temporary restraining order or emergency protective order issued under this part is personally served with the order and notice of hearing with respect to a subsequent restraining order or protective order based thereon, but the person does not appear at the hearing either in person or by counsel, and the terms and conditions of the restraining order or protective order are identical to those of the prior temporary restraining order, except for the duration of the order, the subsequent restraining order or protective order may be served on the person by first-class mail sent to that person at the most current address for the person available to the court.

(b) The judicial forms for temporary restraining orders or emergency protective orders issued under this part shall contain a statement in substantially the following form:

“If you have been personally served with a temporary restraining order or emergency protective order and notice of hearing, but you do not appear at the hearing either in person or by counsel, and a restraining order or protective order is issued at the hearing that does not differ from the prior temporary restraining order or protective order except with respect to the duration of the order, a copy of the order will be served upon you by mail at the following address: ____ . If that address is not correct or if you wish to verify that the temporary order was made permanent without substantive change, call the clerk of the court at ____.”

history: (History: Added by Stats. 2003, Ch. 365, Sec. 7. Effective January 1, 2004.)

division: 2. CHILDREN

chapter: 2. Juvenile Court Law

article: 1. General Provisions

path: 2. CHILDREN > 2. Juvenile Court Law > 1. General Provisions


text:
(a) The court shall order that any party enjoined pursuant to Section 213.5, 304, 362.4, or 726.5 be prohibited from taking any action to obtain the address or location of a protected party or a protected party’s family members, caretakers, or guardian, unless there is good cause not to make that order.

(b) The Judicial Council shall promulgate forms necessary to effectuate this section.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 2005, Ch. 472, Sec. 6. Effective January 1, 2006.)

article: 1. General Provisions


citation: WIC § 214

text: In each instance in which a provision of this chapter authorizes the execution by any person of a written promise to appear or to have any other person appear before the probation officer or before the juvenile court, any willful failure of such promissor to perform as promised constitutes a misdemeanor and is punishable as such if at the time of the execution of such written promise the promissor is given a copy of such written promise upon which it is clearly written that failure to appear or to have any other person appear as promised is punishable as a misdemeanor.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 1976, Ch. 1068.)

article: 1. General Provisions


citation: WIC § 215

text: As used in this chapter, unless otherwise specifically provided, the term “probation officer” or “social worker” shall include the juvenile probation officer or the person who is both the juvenile probation officer and the adult probation officer, and any social worker in a county welfare department or any social worker in a California Indian tribe or any out-of-state Indian tribe that has reservation land that extends into the state that has authority, pursuant to an agreement with the department concerning child welfare services or foster care payments under the Aid to Families with Dependent Children program when supervising dependent children of the juvenile court pursuant to Section 272 by order of the court under Section 300, and the term “department of probation” shall mean the department of juvenile probation or the department wherein the services of juvenile and adult probation are both performed.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1998, Ch. 1054, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 1999.)

article: 1. General Provisions


citation: WIC § 216

text:
This chapter shall not apply:

(a) To any person who violates any law of this state defining a crime, and is at the time of such violation under the age of 18 years, if such person thereafter flees from this state. Any such person may be proceeded against in the manner otherwise provided by law for proceeding against persons accused of crime. Upon the return of such person to this state by extradition or otherwise, proceedings shall be commenced in the manner provided for in this chapter.

(b) To any person who violates any law of another state defining a crime, and is at the time of such violation under the age of 18 years, if such person thereafter flees from that state into this state. Any such person may be proceeded against as an adult in the manner provided in Chapter 4 (commencing with Section 1547) of Title 12 of Part 2 of the Penal Code. The magistrate shall, for purposes of detention, detain such person in juvenile hall if space is available. If no space is available in juvenile hall, the magistrate may detain such person in the county jail.

article: 1. General Provisions


citation: WIC § 217

text:
(a) The board of supervisors of any county or the governing body of any city may by ordinance provide that any personal property with a value of not more than five hundred dollars ($500) in the possession of the sheriff of the county or in the possession of the police department of the city which have been unclaimed for a period of at least 90 days may, instead of being sold at public auction to the highest bidder pursuant to the provisions of Section 2080.5 of the Civil Code, be turned over to the probation officer, to the welfare department of the county, or to any charitable or nonprofit organization which is authorized under its articles of incorporation to participate in a program or activity designed to prevent juvenile delinquency and which is exempt from income taxation under federal or state law, or both, for use in any program or activity designed to prevent juvenile delinquency.

(b) Before any property subject to this section is turned over to the probation officer, to the welfare department of the county, or to any charitable or nonprofit organization, the police department or sheriff’s department shall notify the owner, if his or her identity is known or can be reasonably ascertained, that it possesses the property, and where the property may be claimed. The owner may be notified by mail, telephone, or by means of a notice published in a newspaper of general circulation which it determines is most likely to give notice to the owner of the property.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1999, Ch. 233, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 2000.)

article: 1. General Provisions


citation: WIC § 218

text: In any case in which, pursuant to this chapter, the court appoints counsel to represent any person who desires but is unable to employ counsel, counsel shall receive a reasonable sum for compensation and for necessary expenses, the amount of which shall be determined by the court, to be paid out of the general fund of the county.

article: 1. General Provisions


text: All counsel performing duties under this chapter, including, but not limited to, county counsel, court appointed counsel, or volunteer counsel, shall participate in mandatory training on domestic violence where available through existing programs at no additional cost to the county. The training shall meet the requirements of Section 16206.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 1996, Ch. 1139, Sec. 4. Effective January 1, 1997.)

article: 1. General Provisions


citation: WIC § 219

text: The board of supervisors of a county may provide a ward of the juvenile court engaged in rehabilitative work without pay, under an assignment by order of the juvenile court to a work project in a county department, with workers’ compensation benefits for injuries sustained while performing such rehabilitative work, in accordance with Section 3364.55 of the Labor Code.

article: 1. General Provisions


text:
(a) No ward of the juvenile court or Department of Youth and Community Restoration, shall perform any function that provides access to personal information of private individuals, including, but not limited to: addresses; telephone numbers; health insurance, taxpayer, school, or employee identification numbers; mothers’ maiden names; demand deposit account, debit card, credit card, savings or checking account numbers, PINs, or passwords; social security numbers; places of employment; dates of birth; state or government issued driver’s license or identification numbers; United States Citizenship and Immigration Services-assigned numbers; government passport numbers; unique biometric data, such as fingerprints, facial scan identifiers, voice prints, retina or iris images, or other similar identifiers; unique electronic identification numbers; address or routing codes; and telecommunication identifying information or access devices.

(b) Subdivision (a) shall apply to a person who has been adjudicated to have committed an offense described by any of the following categories:

(1) An offense involving forgery or fraud.

(2) An offense involving misuse of a computer.

(3) An offense for which the person is required to register as a sex offender pursuant to Section 290 of the Penal Code.

(4) An offense involving any misuse of the personal or financial information of another person.

(c) If asked, any person who is a ward of the juvenile court or the Department of Youth and Community Restoration, and who has access to any personal information, shall disclose that the person is a ward of the juvenile court or the Department of the Youth Authority before taking any personal information from anyone.

(d) Any program involving the taking of personal information over the telephone by a person who is a ward of the juvenile court or the Department of Youth and Community Restoration, shall be subject to random monitoring of those telephone calls.

(e) Any program involving the taking of personal information by a person who is a ward of the juvenile court or the Department of Youth and Community Restoration, shall provide supervision at all times of the ward’s activities.

(f) This section shall not apply to wards in employment programs or public service facilities where incidental contact with personal information may occur.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 296, Sec. 62. (AB 1096) Effective January 1, 2022.)

article: 1. General Provisions


citation: WIC § 220

text:
(a) A condition or restriction shall not be imposed upon the obtaining of an abortion by an individual detained in any local juvenile facility, pursuant to Sections 1 and 1.1 of Article I of the California Constitution and the Reproductive Privacy Act (Article 2.5 (commencing with Section 123460) of Chapter 2 of Part 2 of Division 106 of the Health and Safety Code), other than those contained in those provisions. Individuals found to be pregnant and desiring abortions, shall be permitted to determine their eligibility for an abortion pursuant to law, and if determined to be eligible, shall be permitted to obtain an abortion.

(b) For the purposes of this section, “local juvenile facility” means any city, county, or regional facility used for the confinement of juveniles for more than 24 hours.

(c) The rights provided by this section shall be posted in at least one conspicuous place to which all committed persons capable of becoming pregnant have access.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2025, Ch. 136, Sec. 24. (AB 260) Effective September 26, 2025.)

article: 1. General Provisions


citation: WIC § 221

text:
(a) A person confined in a state or local juvenile facility shall, without needing to request, be allowed to continue to use materials necessary for personal hygiene with regard to the person’s menstrual cycle and reproductive system. A person confined in a state or local juvenile facility shall, upon request, be allowed to continue to use materials necessary for birth control measures as prescribed by the person’s physician.

(b) A person confined in a state or local juvenile facility shall, upon the person’s request, be furnished by the confining state or local agency with information and education regarding prescription birth control measures.

(c) Family planning services shall be offered to a person confined in a state or local juvenile facility at least 60 days prior to a scheduled release date. Upon request, a person shall be furnished by the confining state or local agency with the services of a licensed physician, or the person shall be furnished by the confining state or local agency or by any other agency which contracts with the confining state or local agency, with services necessary to meet the person’s family planning needs at the time of the person’s release.

(d) For the purposes of this section, “local juvenile facility” means a city, county, or regional facility used for the confinement of juveniles for more than 24 hours.

This section shall become operative on January 1, 1988.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2024, Ch. 939, Sec. 3. (AB 1810) Effective January 1, 2025.)

article: 1. General Provisions


citation: WIC § 222

text:
(a) A female in the custody of a local juvenile facility shall have the right to summon and receive the services of a physician and surgeon of her choice in order to determine whether she is pregnant. If she is found to be pregnant, she is entitled to a determination of the extent of the medical services needed by her and to the receipt of those services from the physician and surgeon of her choice. Expenses occasioned by the services of a physician and surgeon whose services are not provided by the facility shall be borne by the female.

(b) A ward who is known to be pregnant or in recovery from delivery shall not be restrained except as provided in Section 3407 of the Penal Code.

(c) For purposes of this section, “local juvenile facility” means a city, county, or regional facility used for the confinement of juveniles for more than 24 hours.

(d) The rights provided to females by this section shall be posted in at least one conspicuous place to which all female wards have access.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2012, Ch. 726, Sec. 4. (AB 2530) Effective January 1, 2013.)

article: 1. General Provisions


citation: WIC § 223

text:
(a) (1) The parents or guardians of any minor in the custody of the state or the county, if they can reasonably be located, shall be notified within 24 hours by the public officer responsible for the well-being of that minor, of any serious injury or serious offense committed against the minor, upon reasonable substantiation that a serious injury or offense has occurred.

(2) This section shall not apply if the minor requests that his or her parents or guardians not be informed and the chief probation officer or the Director of the Youth Authority, as appropriate, determines it would be in the best interest of the minor not to inform the parents or guardians.

(b) For purposes of this section, “serious offense” means any offense that is chargeable as a felony and that involves violence against another person. “Serious injury” means, for purposes of this section, any illness or injury that requires hospitalization, is potentially life threatening, or that potentially will permanently impair the use of a major body organ, appendage, or limb.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 1998, Ch. 496, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 1999.)

article: 1. General Provisions


text:
(a) (1) At least one individual who is a parent, guardian, or designated emergency contact of a person in the custody of the Division of Juvenile Facilities, if the individual can reasonably be located, shall be successfully notified within 24 hours by the public officer responsible for the well-being of that person, of any suicide attempt by the person, or any serious injury or serious offense committed against the person. In consultation with division staff, as appropriate, and with concurrence of the public officer responsible for the well-being of that person, the person may designate other persons who should be notified in addition to, or in lieu of, parents or guardians, of any suicide attempt by the person, or any serious injury or serious offense committed against the person.

(2) This section shall not apply if either of the following conditions is met:

(A) A minor requests that his or her parents, guardians, or other persons not be notified, and the director of the division facility, as appropriate, determines it would be in the best interest of the minor not to notify the parents, guardians, or other persons.

(B) A person 18 years of age or older does not consent to the notification.

(b) Upon intake of a person into a division facility, and again upon attaining 18 years of age while in the custody of the division, an appropriate staff person shall explain, using language clearly understandable to the person, all of the provisions of this section, including that the person has the right to (1) request that the information described in paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) not be provided to a parent or guardian, and (2) request that another person or persons in addition to, or in lieu of, a parent or guardian be notified. The division shall provide the person with forms and any information necessary to provide informed consent as to who shall be notified. Any designation made pursuant to paragraph (1) of subdivision (a), the consent to notify parents, guardians, or other persons, and the withholding of that consent, may be amended or revoked by the person, and shall be transferable among facilities.

(c) Staff of the division shall enter the following information into the ward’s record, as appropriate, upon its occurrence:

(1) A minor’s request that his or her parents, guardians, or other persons not be notified of an emergency pursuant to this section, and the determination of the relevant public officer on that request.

(2) The designation of persons who are emergency contacts, in lieu of parents or guardians, who may be notified pursuant to this section.

(3) The revocation or amendment of a designation or consent made pursuant to this section.

(4) A person’s consent, or withholding thereof, to notify parents, guardians, or other persons pursuant to this section.

(d) For purposes of this section, the following terms have the following meanings:

(1) “Serious offense” means any offense that is chargeable as a felony and that involves violence against another person.

(2) “Serious injury” means any illness or injury that requires hospitalization, requires an evaluation for involuntary treatment for a mental health disorder or grave disability under the Lanterman-Petris-Short Act (Part 1 (commencing with Section 5000) of Division 5), is potentially life threatening, or that potentially will permanently impair the use of a major body organ, appendage, or limb.

(3) “Suicide attempt” means a self-inflicted destructive act committed with explicit or inferred intent to die.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2009, Ch. 140, Sec. 185. (AB 1164) Effective January 1, 2010.)

article: 1. General Provisions


text:
(a) The unpaid outstanding balance of any county-assessed or court-ordered costs imposed before January 1, 2018, pursuant to Section 207.2, 903, or 903.1, former Section 903.15, or Section 903.2, 903.25, 903.4, or 903.5 against the parent, guardian, or other person liable for the support of a minor is vacated and shall be unenforceable and uncollectable if the minor was adjudged to be a ward of the juvenile court, was on probation pursuant to Section 725, was the subject of a petition filed to adjudge the minor a ward, or was the subject of a program of supervision undertaken pursuant to Section 654. This subdivision applies to dual status children for purposes of delinquency jurisdiction.

(b) The unpaid outstanding balance of any county-assessed or court-ordered costs imposed before January 1, 2018, pursuant to Section 729.9 against a minor is vacated and shall be unenforceable and uncollectable. This subdivision applies to dual status children for purposes of delinquency jurisdiction.

(c) The unpaid outstanding balance of any county-assessed or court-ordered costs imposed before January 1, 2018, pursuant to Sections 1203.016, 1203.1ab, and 1208.2 of the Penal Code against adults who at the time were not adults who were over 21 years of age and were under the jurisdiction of the criminal court is vacated and shall be unenforceable and uncollectable.

(d) Upon the expiration of 10 years after the date of imposition of a restitution fine pursuant to Section 730.6 against a minor, any outstanding balance, including any collection fees, is vacated and shall be unenforceable and uncollectable.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2024, Ch. 805, Sec. 5. (AB 1186) Effective January 1, 2025.)

article: 1. General Provisions


citation: WIC § 224

text:
(a) The Legislature finds and declares the following:

(1) Federally recognized tribes are sovereign nations with inherent rights to self-governance. Federally recognized tribes have the sole authority to determine their tribal membership or citizenship, and this includes the right to regulate domestic relations involving their members or citizens. The federal government recognizes its trust relationship with federally recognized tribes and the unique political status of federally recognized tribes and their members or citizens. It is the policy of the State of California to support, protect, and uplift inherent tribal sovereignty. Tribes have been protecting and caring for their children from time immemorial. The State of California is committed to protecting essential tribal relations and the political status of federally recognized tribes by recognizing a tribe’s right to protect the health, safety, and welfare of its members or citizens.

(2) There is no resource that is more vital to the continued existence and integrity of Indian tribes than their children, and the State of California has an interest in protecting Indian children, as defined in subdivision (b) of Section 224.1. Child welfare and juvenile justice data demonstrates that Indian children involved in the child welfare and juvenile justice systems have better outcomes when they are connected to their family, extended family, tribe, Indian community, and culture. The state is committed to protecting the essential tribal relations and best interest of an Indian child by promoting practices, in accordance with the federal Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 (25 U.S.C. Sec. 1901 et seq.) and other applicable state and federal law, designed to prevent their involuntary out-of-home placement and, whenever that placement is necessary, by placing the child, whenever possible, in a placement that reflects the unique values of the child’s tribal culture and is best able to assist the child in establishing, developing, and maintaining a political, cultural, and social relationship with the child’s tribe and tribal community.

(3) It is in the interest of an Indian child that the child’s membership or citizenship in the child’s Indian tribe and connection to the tribal community be encouraged and protected, regardless of whether the child is in the physical custody of an Indian parent or Indian custodian at the commencement of an Indian child custody proceeding, the parental rights of the child’s parents have been terminated, or where the child has resided or been domiciled.

(b) Despite the passage of the federal Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978, Senate Bill 678 (Stats. 2006, Ch. 838), and Assembly Bill 3176 (Stats. 2018, Ch. 833), California continues to experience inconsistent implementation of the Indian Child Welfare Act and its related state law protections, thus continuing the harm and breakup of Indian families. Variation in practice undermines tribal sovereignty, furthers destructive impacts on tribes and tribal communities, puts the lives of Indian children and families at disproportionate risk for multiple adverse outcomes, and fails to address systemic racism.

(c) It is the intent of the Legislature to create a comprehensive act to protect and preserve Indian families in California and to aid in improving implementation of applicable state and federal laws. This act will retain California’s heightened standards, protections, and services and supports for Indian children. This act shall hereafter be known as the California Indian Child Welfare Act and shall include all provisions in this code, the Family Code, Health and Safety Code, and the Probate Code involving an Indian child to maintain clarity and consistency in provisions with application to Indian children, as defined in subdivision (b) of Section 224.1. Existing provisions, and any future amendments to provisions, applicable to Indian children in this code, the Family Code, the Health and Safety Code, or the Probate Code, or amending or creating programs designed to support tribes or tribal organizations, Indian children, and parents or Indian custodians of Indian children, as these terms are defined in Section 224.1, in their participation in Indian child custody proceedings shall be considered part of the California Indian Child Welfare Act.

(d) In all Indian child custody proceedings, as defined in the federal Indian Child Welfare Act and subdivision (d) of Section 224.1, the court shall consider all of the findings contained in subdivision (a), strive to promote the stability and security of Indian tribes and families, comply with the federal Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 and other applicable federal law, and shall seek to protect the best interest of the child. Whenever an Indian child is removed from a foster care home or institution, guardianship, or adoptive placement for the purpose of further foster care, guardianship, or adoptive placement, placement of the child shall be in accordance with the federal Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 and other applicable state and federal law.

(e) A determination by an Indian tribe that an unmarried person, who is under the age of 18 years, is either (1) a member or citizen of an Indian tribe or (2) eligible for membership or citizenship in an Indian tribe and a biological child of a member or citizen of an Indian tribe shall constitute a significant political affiliation with the tribe and shall require the application of the federal Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 and other applicable state and federal law to the proceedings.

(f) (1) In any proceeding in which the federal Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 applies, the Indian child’s tribe shall have the right to examine all reports or other documents filed with the court, including, but not limited to, the reports or other documents upon which any decision to place the Indian child in the custody of someone other than a parent or Indian custodian, or terminate parental rights, will be based.

(2) In any proceeding in which the federal Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 applies where the Indian child’s tribe does not formally intervene, representatives of the Indian child’s tribe described in subdivision (f) of Section 827 shall have the right to inspect the case file, as described in subdivision (e) of Section 827, and representatives of the Indian child’s tribe as described in paragraph (5) of subdivision (a), and in subdivision (f), of Section 827 have the right to copies of documents contained in and information related to the juvenile case file, subject to any other confidentiality laws.

(g) In any case in which this code or other applicable state or federal law provides a higher standard of protection to the rights of the parent or Indian custodian of an Indian child, or the Indian child’s tribe, than the rights provided under the federal Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978, the court shall apply the higher standard.

(h) Any Indian child, the Indian child’s tribe, or the parent or Indian custodian from whose custody the child has been removed, may petition the court to invalidate an action in an Indian child custody proceeding for foster care or guardianship placement or termination of parental rights if the action violated Section 1911, 1912, or 1913 of the federal Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2024, Ch. 656, Sec. 1. (AB 81) Effective September 27, 2024.)

article: 1. General Provisions


text:
(a) As used in this division, unless the context requires otherwise, the following definitions shall apply:

(1) “Indian” means any person who is a member or citizen of an Indian tribe, as defined in paragraph (4), or who is an Alaska Native and a member or citizen of a Regional Corporation as defined in Section 1606 of Title 43 of the United States Code.

(2) “Indian custodian” means any Indian person who has legal custody of an Indian child under tribal law or custom or under state law or to whom temporary physical care, custody, and control have been transferred by the parent of that child.

(3) “Indian organization” means any group, association, partnership, corporation, or other legal entity owned or controlled by Indians, or a majority of whose members are Indians.

(4) “Indian tribe” means any Indian tribe, band, nation, or other organized group or community of Indians recognized as eligible for the services provided to Indians by the Secretary of the Interior because of their status as Indians, including any Alaska Native village as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 1602 of Title 43 of the United States Code.

(5) “Reservation” has the same meaning as “Indian country” as defined in Section 1151 of Title 18 of the United States Code, and any lands that are not covered under Section 1151 and the title to which is either held by the United States in trust for the benefit of any Indian tribe or individual or held by any Indian tribe or individual subject to a restriction by the United States against alienation.

(6) “Tribal court” means a court with jurisdiction over child custody proceedings, and that is either a Court of Indian Offenses, a court established and operated under the code or custom of an Indian tribe, or any other administrative body of a tribe that is vested with authority over child custody proceedings.

(b) As used in this division, the term “Indian child” means all of the following:

(1) Any unmarried person who is under 18 years of age and who is either of the following:

(A) A member or citizen of an Indian tribe.

(B) Eligible for membership or citizenship in an Indian tribe and is a biological child of a member or citizen of an Indian tribe.

(2) As used in connection with an Indian child custody proceeding, as defined in subdivision (d), brought in a juvenile court, the term “Indian child” also means an unmarried person who is 18 years of age or over, but under 21 years of age, who is a member or citizen of an Indian tribe or eligible for membership or citizenship in an Indian tribe and is the biological child of a member or citizen of an Indian tribe, and who is under the jurisdiction of the juvenile court, unless that person or their attorney elects not to be considered an Indian child for purposes of the Indian child custody proceeding. All Indian child custody proceedings involving persons 18 years of age and older shall be conducted in a manner that respects the person’s status as a legal adult.

(c) As used in connection with an Indian child custody proceeding, as defined in subdivision (d), the following definitions shall apply:

(1) “Extended family member” has the same meaning as defined by the law or custom of the Indian child’s tribe or, in the absence of such law or custom, shall be a person who has reached 18 years of age and who is the Indian child’s grandparent, aunt or uncle, brother or sister, brother-in-law or sister-in-law, niece or nephew, first or second cousin, or stepparent.

(2) “Parent” means any biological parent or parents of an Indian child or any Indian person who has lawfully adopted an Indian child, including adoptions under tribal law or custom.

(d) (1) “Indian child custody proceeding” means a hearing other than an emergency proceeding under Section 319, during a juvenile court proceeding brought under this code, including, but not limited to, any hearing pursuant to Section 366.26, or a proceeding under the Probate Code or the Family Code, involving an Indian child, that may culminate in one of the following outcomes:

(A) Foster care placement, which includes removal of an Indian child from their parent, parents, or Indian custodian for placement in a foster home, institution, the home of a guardian or conservator, or anyone other than one of the child’s parents, as defined in paragraph (2) of subdivision (c), or the child’s Indian custodian, in which the parent or Indian custodian may not have the child returned upon demand, but in which parental rights have not been terminated. Foster care placement includes placement in the home of a legal guardian under the provisions of the Family Code, Probate Code, and the Welfare and Institutions Code. Foster care placement does not include an emergency placement of an Indian child pursuant to Section 309, as long as the emergency proceeding requirements set forth in Section 319 are met.

(B) Termination of parental rights, which includes any action involving an Indian child resulting in the termination of the parent-child relationship.

(C) Preadoptive placement, which includes the temporary placement of an Indian child in a foster home or institution after the termination of parental rights, but prior to, or in lieu of, adoptive placement.

(D) Adoptive placement, which includes the permanent placement of an Indian child for adoption, or a tribal customary adoption as described in Section 366.24, including any action resulting in a final decree of adoption.

(E) If a child is placed in foster care or another out-of-home placement as a result of a status offense, that status offense proceeding is considered an Indian child custody proceeding.

(2) “Indian child custody proceeding” does not include a voluntary foster care or guardianship placement if the parent or Indian custodian retains the right to have the child returned upon demand.

(e) (1) “Indian child’s tribe” means the Indian tribe in which an Indian child is a member or citizen or eligible for membership or citizenship, or in the case of an Indian child who is a member or citizen of, or eligible for membership or citizenship in, more than one tribe, the Indian tribe with which the Indian child has the more significant contacts.

(2) In the case of an Indian child who meets the definition of “Indian child” through more than one tribe, deference should be given to the tribe of which the Indian child is already a member or citizen, unless otherwise agreed to by the tribes.

(3) If an Indian child meets the definition of “Indian child” through more than one tribe because the child is a member or citizen of more than one tribe or the child is not a member or citizen but is eligible for membership or citizenship in more than one tribe, the court shall provide the tribes the opportunity to determine which tribe shall be designated as the Indian child’s tribe.

(4) If the tribes are able to reach an agreement, the agreed-upon tribe shall be designated as the Indian child’s tribe.

(5) If the tribes are unable to reach an agreement, the court shall designate as the Indian child’s tribe, the tribe with which the Indian child has the more significant contacts, taking into consideration all of the following:

(A) Preference of the parents for membership or citizenship of the child.

(B) Length of past domicile or residence on or near the reservation of each tribe.

(C) Tribal membership or citizenship of the child’s custodial parent or Indian custodian.

(D) Interest asserted by each tribe in the child custody proceeding.

(E) Whether there has been a previous adjudication with respect to the child by a court of one of the tribes.

(F) Self-identification by the child, if the child is of sufficient age and capacity to meaningfully self-identify.

(6) If an Indian child becomes a member or citizen of a tribe other than the one designated by the court as the Indian child’s tribe under paragraph (5), actions taken based on the court’s determination prior to the child’s becoming a tribal member or citizen continue to be valid.

(7) A determination of the Indian child’s tribe for purposes of the federal Indian Child Welfare Act and pursuant to these provisions for purposes of an Indian child custody proceeding, as defined in subdivision (d), does not constitute a determination for any other purpose.

(f) “Active efforts” means affirmative, active, thorough, and timely efforts intended primarily to maintain or reunite an Indian child with their family. If an agency is involved in an Indian child custody proceeding, active efforts shall involve assisting the parent, parents, or Indian custodian through the steps of a case plan and with accessing or developing the resources necessary to satisfy the case plan. To the maximum extent possible, active efforts shall be provided in a manner consistent with the prevailing social and cultural conditions and way of life of the Indian child’s tribe and shall be conducted in partnership with the Indian child and the Indian child’s parents, extended family members, Indian custodians, and tribe. When an agency knows a child is an Indian child or has reason to know a child is an Indian child as described in subdivision (d) of Section 224.2, active efforts shall start upon receipt of a referral regarding the Indian child or upon first contact with the Indian child or family, whichever is earlier. Whenever a county child welfare agency is required to make reasonable efforts or provide reasonable reunification services, in any case involving an Indian child, those efforts and services shall meet the standard of active efforts described in this subdivision. Active efforts shall be tailored to the facts and circumstances of the case and may include, but are not limited to, any of the following:

(1) Conducting a comprehensive assessment of the circumstances of the Indian child’s family, with a focus on safe reunification as the most desirable goal.

(2) Identifying appropriate services, including services offered pursuant to Chapter 7 (commencing with Section 16585) of Part 4 of Division 9 and helping the parents overcome barriers, including actively assisting the parents in obtaining those services.

(3) Identifying, notifying, and inviting representatives of the Indian child’s tribe to participate in providing support and services to the Indian child’s family and in family team meetings, permanency planning, and resolution of placement issues.

(4) Conducting or causing to be conducted a diligent search for the Indian child’s extended family members, and contacting and consulting with extended family members regarding possible placements and to provide family structure and support for the Indian child and the Indian child’s parents.

(5) Offering and employing all available and culturally appropriate family preservation strategies and facilitating the use of remedial and rehabilitative services provided by the child’s tribe.

(6) Taking steps to keep siblings together whenever possible.

(7) Supporting regular visits with parents or Indian custodians in the most natural setting possible, as well as trial home visits of the Indian child during any period of removal, consistent with the need to ensure the health, safety, and welfare of the child.

(8) Identifying community resources, including housing, financial assistance, transportation, mental health and substance abuse services, and peer support services, and actively assisting the Indian child’s parents or, when appropriate, the child’s family, in utilizing and accessing those resources.

(9) Monitoring progress and participation in services.

(10) Considering alternative ways to address the needs of the Indian child’s parents and, where appropriate, the family, if the optimum services do not exist or are not available.

(11) Providing postreunification services and monitoring.

(g) “Assistant Secretary” means the Assistant Secretary of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.

(h) “Bureau of Indian Affairs” means the Bureau of Indian Affairs of the Department of the Interior.

(i) “Continued custody” means physical custody or legal custody or both, under any applicable tribal law or tribal custom or state law, that a parent or Indian custodian already has or had at any time in the past. The biological mother of an Indian child is deemed to have had custody of the Indian child.

(j) “Custody” means physical custody or legal custody or both, under any applicable tribal law or tribal custom or state law.

(k) “Domicile” means either of the following:

(1) For a parent, Indian custodian, or legal guardian, the place that a person has been physically present and that the person regards as home. This includes a person’s true, fixed, principal, and permanent home, to which that person intends to return and remain indefinitely even though the person may be currently residing elsewhere.

(2) For an Indian child, the domicile of the Indian child’s parents, Indian custodian, or legal guardian. In the case of an Indian child whose parents are not married to each other, the domicile of the Indian child means the domicile of the Indian child’s custodial parent.

(l) “Emergency proceeding” for purposes of juvenile dependency proceedings is the initial petition hearing held pursuant to Section 319.

(m) “Indian foster home” means a foster home where one or more of the licensed or approved foster parents is an Indian as defined in paragraph (1) of subdivision (a).

(n) “Involuntary proceeding” means an Indian child custody proceeding in which the parent does not consent of their free will to the foster care, preadoptive, or adoptive placement, or termination of parental rights. “Involuntary proceeding” also means an Indian child custody proceeding in which the parent consents to the foster care, preadoptive, or adoptive placement, under threat of removal of the child by a state court or agency.

(o) “Status offense” means an offense that would not be considered criminal if committed by an adult, including, but not limited to, school truancy and incorrigibility.

(p) “Upon demand” means, in the case of an Indian child, the parent or Indian custodian may regain physical custody during a voluntary proceeding simply upon verbal request, without any delay, formalities, or contingencies.

(q) “Voluntary proceeding” means an Indian child custody proceeding, as defined in subdivision (d), that is not an involuntary proceeding, where both parents have, or the Indian custodian has, of their free will, without a threat of removal by a state agency, consented to the placement of the Indian child, or a proceeding for voluntary termination of parental rights.

(r) “Tribally approved home” means a home that has been licensed or approved by an Indian child’s tribe, or a tribe or tribal organization designated by the Indian child’s tribe, for foster care or adoptive placement of an Indian child using standards established by the child’s tribe pursuant to Section 1915 of the federal Indian Child Welfare Act (25 U.S.C. Sec. 1901 et seq.) and as described by Section 10553.12. A tribally approved home is not required to be licensed or approved by the state or county and is equivalent to a state-licensed or county-licensed or approved home, including an approved resource family home. Background check requirements for foster care or adoptive placement as required by Sections 1522 and 1522.1 of the Health and Safety Code shall apply to a tribally approved home.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2024, Ch. 656, Sec. 2. (AB 81) Effective September 27, 2024.)

article: 1. General Provisions


text:
(a) The court, county welfare department, and the probation department have an affirmative and continuing duty to inquire whether a child for whom a petition under Section 300, 601, or 602 may be or has been filed, is or may be an Indian child.

(b) (1) The duty to inquire begins for a county when first contacted regarding a child, including, but not limited to, asking a party reporting child abuse or neglect whether the party has any information that the child may be an Indian child, and upon a county department’s first contact with the child or the child’s family, including extended family members as defined in paragraph (1) of subdivision (c) of Section 224.1. At the first contact with the child and each family member, including extended family members, the county welfare department or county probation department has a duty to inquire whether that child is or may be an Indian child.

(2) If a child is placed into the temporary custody of a county probation department pursuant to Section 307, or received and maintained in temporary custody of a county welfare department pursuant to paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) of Section 306, or taken into or maintained in the temporary custody of a county welfare department pursuant to paragraph (2) of subdivision (a) of Section 306, or if they were initially taken into protective custody pursuant to a warrant described in Section 340, the county welfare department or county probation department has a duty to inquire whether that child is an Indian child. Inquiry includes, but is not limited to, asking the child, parents, legal guardian, Indian custodian, extended family members, others who have an interest in the child, and the party reporting child abuse or neglect, whether the child is, or may be, an Indian child and where the child, the parents, or Indian custodian is domiciled.

(c) For a court presiding over any juvenile proceeding that could result in placement of an Indian child with someone other than a parent or Indian custodian, including proceedings where the parents or Indian custodian have voluntarily consented to placement of the child, the duty to inquire begins at the first hearing on a petition. At the commencement of the hearing, the court shall ask each party to the proceeding and all other interested persons present whether the child is, or may be, an Indian child, whether they know or have reason to know that the child is an Indian child, and where the child, the parents, or Indian custodian are domiciled, as defined in Section 224.1. Inquiry shall also be made at the first appearance in court of each party or interested person who was not present at the first hearing on the petition. The inquiry and responses shall occur on the record. The court shall instruct the parties and persons present to inform the court if they subsequently receive information that provides reason to know the child is, or may be, an Indian child.

(d) There is reason to know a child involved in a proceeding is an Indian child under any of the following circumstances:

(1) A person having an interest in the child, including the child, an officer of the court, a tribe, an Indian organization, a public or private agency, or a member of the child’s extended family informs the court that the child is an Indian child.

(2) The residence or domicile of the child, the child’s parents, or Indian custodian is on a reservation or in an Alaska Native village, as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 1602 of Title 43 of the United State Code.

(3) Any participant in the proceeding, officer of the court, Indian tribe, Indian organization, or agency informs the court that it has discovered information indicating that the child is an Indian child.

(4) The child who is the subject of the proceeding gives the court reason to know that the child is an Indian child.

(5) The court is informed that the child is or has been a ward of a tribal court.

(6) The court is informed that either parent or the child possess an identification card indicating membership or citizenship in an Indian tribe.

(e) If the court, social worker, or probation officer has reason to believe that an Indian child is involved in a proceeding, but does not have sufficient information to determine that there is reason to know that the child is an Indian child, the court, social worker, or probation officer shall make further inquiry regarding the possible Indian status of the child, and shall make that inquiry as soon as practicable.

(1) There is reason to believe a child involved in a proceeding is an Indian child whenever the court, social worker, or probation officer has information suggesting that either the parent of the child or the child is a member or citizen, or may be eligible for membership or citizenship, in an Indian tribe. Information suggesting membership or eligibility for membership includes, but is not limited to, information that indicates, but does not establish, the existence of one or more of the grounds for reason to know enumerated in paragraphs (1) to (6), inclusive, of subdivision (d).

(2) When there is reason to believe the child is an Indian child, further inquiry is necessary to help the court, social worker, or probation officer determine whether there is reason to know a child is an Indian child. Further inquiry includes, but is not limited to, all of the following:

(A) Interviewing the parents, Indian custodian, and extended family members to gather the information required in paragraph (5) of subdivision (a) of Section 224.3.

(B) Contacting the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the State Department of Social Services for assistance in identifying the names and contact information of the tribes in which the child may be a member or citizen, or eligible for membership or citizenship in, and contacting the tribes and any other person that may reasonably be expected to have information regarding the child’s membership status or eligibility.

(C) Contacting the tribe or tribes and any other person that may reasonably be expected to have information regarding the child’s membership, citizenship status, or eligibility. Contact with a tribe shall, at a minimum, include telephone, facsimile, or electronic mail contact to each tribe’s designated agent for receipt of notices under the federal Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 (25 U.S.C. Sec. 1901 et seq.). Contact with a tribe shall include sharing information identified by the tribe as necessary for the tribe to make a membership or citizenship eligibility determination, as well as information on the current status of the child and the case.

(f) If there is reason to know, as set forth in subdivision (d), that the child is an Indian child, the party seeking foster care placement with someone other than a parent or Indian custodian shall provide notice in accordance with Section 224.3.

(g) If there is reason to know the child is an Indian child, but the court does not have sufficient evidence to determine that the child is or is not an Indian child, the court shall confirm, by way of a report, declaration, or testimony included in the record that the agency or other party used due diligence to identify and work with all of the tribes of which there is reason to know the child may be a member or citizen, or eligible for membership or citizenship, to verify whether the child is in fact a member or whether a biological parent is a member and the child is eligible for membership or citizenship.

(h) A determination by an Indian tribe that a child is or is not a member or citizen of, or eligible for membership or citizenship in, that tribe, or testimony attesting to that status by a person authorized by the tribe to provide that determination, shall be conclusive. Information that the child is not enrolled, or is not eligible for enrollment in, the tribe is not determinative of the child’s membership or citizenship status unless the tribe also confirms in writing that enrollment is a prerequisite for membership or citizenship under tribal law or custom.

(i) (1) When there is reason to know that the child is an Indian child, the court shall treat the child as an Indian child unless and until the court determines on the record and after review of the report of due diligence as described in subdivision (h), and a review of the copies of notice, return receipts, and tribal responses required pursuant to Section 224.3, that the child does not meet the definition of an Indian child as used in Section 224.1 and the federal Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 (25 U.S.C. Sec. 1901 et seq.).

(2) If the court makes a finding that proper and adequate further inquiry and due diligence as required in this section have been conducted and there is no reason to know whether the child is an Indian child, the court may make a finding that the federal Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 (25 U.S.C. Sec. 1901 et seq.) does not apply to the proceedings, subject to reversal based on sufficiency of the evidence. The court shall reverse its determination if it subsequently receives information providing reason to believe that the child is an Indian child and order the social worker or probation officer to conduct further inquiry as described in Section 224.3.

(j) Notwithstanding a determination that the federal Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 does not apply to the proceedings, if the court, social worker, or probation officer subsequently receives any information required by Section 224.3 that was not previously available or included in the notice issued under Section 224.3, the party seeking placement shall provide the additional information to any tribes entitled to notice under Section 224.3 and to the Secretary of the Interior’s designated agent.

(k) Notwithstanding any other provision, an Indian child’s tribe may participate by telephone, or other remote appearance options, in proceedings in which the federal Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 (25 U.S.C. Sec. 1901 et seq.) may apply. The method of appearance may be determined by the court consistent with court capacity and contractual obligations, and taking into account the capacity of the tribe, as long as a method of effective remote appearance and participation sufficient to allow the tribe to fully exercise its rights is provided. Fees shall not be charged for court appearances established under this subdivision conducted in whole or in part by remote means.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2024, Ch. 656, Sec. 3. (AB 81) Effective September 27, 2024.)

article: 1. General Provisions


text:
(a) If the court, a social worker, or probation officer knows or has reason to know, as described in subdivision (d) of Section 224.2, that an Indian child is involved, notice pursuant to Section 1912 of the federal Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 (25 U.S.C. Sec. 1901 et seq.) shall be provided for hearings that may culminate in an order for foster care placement, termination of parental rights, preadoptive placement, or adoptive placement, as described in paragraph (1) of subdivision (d) of Section 224.1. The notice shall be sent to the minor’s parents or legal guardian, Indian custodian, if any, and the child’s tribe. Copies of all notices sent shall be served on all parties to the dependency proceeding and their attorneys. Notice shall comply with all of the following requirements:

(1) Notice shall be sent by registered or certified mail with return receipt requested. Additional notice by first-class mail is recommended, but not required.

(2) Notice to the tribe shall be to the tribal chairperson, unless the tribe has designated another agent for service.

(3) Notice of all Indian child custody hearings shall be sent by the party seeking placement of the child to all of the following:

(A) All tribes of which the child may be a member or citizen, or eligible for membership or citizenship, unless either of the following occur:

(i) A tribe has made a determination that the child is not a member or citizen, or eligible for membership or citizenship.

(ii) The court makes a determination as to which tribe is the child’s tribe in accordance with subdivision (e) of Section 224.1, after which notice need only be sent to the Indian child’s tribe.

(B) The child’s parents.

(C) The child’s Indian custodian.

(4) Notice, to the extent required by federal law, shall be sent to the Secretary of the Interior’s designated agent.

(5) In addition to the information specified in other sections of this article, notice shall include all of the following information:

(A) The name, birth date, and birthplace of the Indian child, if known.

(B) The name of the Indian tribe in which the child is a member or citizen, or may be eligible for membership or citizenship, if known.

(C) All names known of the Indian child’s biological parents, grandparents, and great-grandparents, or Indian custodians, including maiden, married, and former names or aliases, as well as their current and former addresses, birth dates, places of birth and death, tribal enrollment, membership, or citizenship information of other direct lineal ancestors of the child, and any other identifying information, if known.

(D) A copy of the petition by which the proceeding was initiated.

(E) A copy of the child’s birth certificate, if available.

(F) The location, mailing address, and telephone number of the court and all parties notified pursuant to this section.

(G) The information regarding the time, date, and any location of any scheduled hearings.

(H) A statement of all of the following:

(i) The name of the petitioner and the name and address of the petitioner’s attorney.

(ii) The absolute right of the child’s parents, Indian custodians, and tribe to intervene in the proceeding.

(iii) The right of the child’s parents, Indian custodians, and tribe to petition the court to transfer the proceeding to the tribal court of the Indian child’s tribe, absent objection by either parent and subject to declination by the tribal court.

(iv) The right of the child’s parents, Indian custodians, and tribe to, upon request, be granted up to an additional 20 days from the receipt of the notice to prepare for the proceeding.

(v) The potential legal consequences of the proceedings on the future custodial and parental rights of the child’s parents or Indian custodians.

(vi) That if the parents or Indian custodians are unable to afford counsel, counsel will be appointed to represent the parents or Indian custodians pursuant to Section 1912 of the federal Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978.

(vii) In accordance with Section 827, the information contained in the notice, petition, pleading, and other court documents is confidential. Any person or entity notified shall maintain the confidentiality of the information contained in the notice concerning the particular proceeding and not reveal that information to anyone who does not need the information in order to exercise the tribe’s rights under the federal Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978.

(b) Notice shall be sent whenever it is known or there is reason to know that an Indian child is involved, and for every hearing that may culminate in an order for foster care placement, termination of parental rights, preadoptive placement, or adoptive placement, as described in paragraph (1) of subdivision (d) of Section 224.1, unless it is determined that the federal Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 does not apply to the case in accordance with Section 224.2. After a tribe acknowledges that the child is a member of, or eligible for membership in, that tribe, or after a tribe intervenes in a proceeding, the information set out in subparagraphs (C), (D), (E), and (H) of paragraph (5) of subdivision (a) need not be included with the notice.

(c) Proof of the notice, including copies of notices sent and all return receipts and responses received, shall be filed with the court in advance of the hearing, except as permitted under subdivision (d).

(d) A proceeding shall not be held until at least 10 days after receipt of notice by the parent, Indian custodian, the tribe, or the Bureau of Indian Affairs, except for a hearing held pursuant to Section 319, provided that notice of the hearing held pursuant to Section 319 shall be given as soon as possible after the filing of the petition to declare the Indian child a dependent child. Notice to tribes of the hearing pursuant to Section 319 shall be consistent with the requirements for notice to parents set forth in Sections 290.1 and 290.2. With the exception of the hearing held pursuant to Section 319, the parent, Indian custodian, or tribe shall, upon request, be granted up to 20 additional days to prepare for that proceeding. This subdivision does not limit the rights of the parent, Indian custodian, or tribe to more than 10 days’ notice when a lengthier notice period is required by law.

(e) With respect to giving notice to Indian tribes, a party is subject to court sanctions if that person knowingly and willfully falsifies or conceals a material fact concerning whether the child is an Indian child, or counsels a party to do so.

(f) The inclusion of contact information of any adult or child that would otherwise be required to be included in the notification pursuant to this section shall not be required if that person is at risk of harm as a result of domestic violence, child abuse, sexual abuse, or stalking.

(g) For any hearing that does not meet the definition of an Indian child custody proceeding set forth in subdivision (d) of Section 224.1, or is not an emergency proceeding, notice to the child’s parents, Indian custodian, and tribe shall be sent in accordance with Sections 292, 293, and 295.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2024, Ch. 656, Sec. 4. (AB 81) Effective September 27, 2024.)

article: 1. General Provisions


text: The Indian child’s tribe and Indian custodian, as defined in Section 224.1, have the right to intervene at any point in an Indian child custody proceeding.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2024, Ch. 656, Sec. 5. (AB 81) Effective September 27, 2024.)

article: 1. General Provisions


text: In an Indian child custody proceeding, as defined in subdivision (d) of Section 224.1, the court shall give full faith and credit to the public acts, records, judicial proceedings, and judgments of any Indian tribe applicable to the proceeding to the same extent that such entities give full faith and credit to the public acts, records, judicial proceedings, and judgments of any other entity regardless of whether the Indian child’s tribe exercises the right to intervene under Section 224.4.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2024, Ch. 656, Sec. 6. (AB 81) Effective September 27, 2024.)

article: 1. General Provisions


text:
(a) When testimony of a “qualified expert witness” is required in an Indian child custody proceeding, a “qualified expert witness” shall be qualified to testify regarding whether continued custody of the child by the parent or Indian custodian is likely to result in serious emotional or physical damage to the child and shall be qualified to testify to the prevailing social and cultural standards of the Indian child’s tribe. A person may be designated by the child’s tribe as qualified to testify to the prevailing social and cultural standards of the Indian child’s tribe. The individual may not be an employee of the person or agency recommending foster care placement, preadoptive placement, adoptive placement, adoption, or termination of parental rights.

(b) In considering whether to remove an Indian child from the custody of a parent or Indian custodian or to terminate the parental rights of the parent of an Indian child, the court shall do both of the following:

(1) Require that a qualified expert witness testify regarding whether continued custody of the child by the parent or Indian custodian is likely to result in serious emotional or physical damage to the child.

(2) Consider evidence concerning the prevailing social and cultural standards of the Indian child’s tribe, including that tribe’s family organization and child-rearing practices.

(c) Persons with the following characteristics are most likely to meet the requirements for a qualified expert witness for purposes of Indian child custody proceedings:

(1) A person designated by the Indian child’s tribe as being qualified to testify to the prevailing social and cultural standards of the Indian child’s tribe.

(2) A member or citizen of the Indian child’s tribe who is recognized by the tribal community as knowledgeable in tribal customs as they pertain to family organization and child-rearing practices.

(3) An expert witness having substantial experience in the delivery of child and family services to Indians, and extensive knowledge of prevailing social and cultural standards and child-rearing practices within the Indian child’s tribe.

(d) The court or any party may request the assistance of the Indian child’s tribe or Bureau of Indian Affairs agency serving the Indian child’s tribe in locating persons qualified to serve as expert witnesses.

(e) The court may accept a declaration or affidavit from a qualified expert witness in lieu of testimony only if the parties have so stipulated in writing and the court is satisfied the stipulation is made knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2024, Ch. 656, Sec. 7. (AB 81) Effective September 27, 2024.)

article: 1. General Provisions


text: The State Department of Social Services may establish and administer programs designed to facilitate tribal participation in Indian child custody proceedings, as defined in subdivision (d) of Section 224.1, including, but not limited to, the programs described by Sections 10553.1 through 10553.25, inclusive. Administration of these programs shall be coordinated as described in Section 16500.9, in conjunction with other relevant divisions within the department.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 656, Sec. 8. (AB 81) Effective September 27, 2024.)

article: 1. General Provisions


text:
For the purposes of this article:

(a) “Extended family member” means any adult related to the youth by blood, adoption, or marriage, and any adult who has an established familial or mentoring relationship with the youth, including, but not limited to, godparents, clergy, teachers, neighbors, and family friends.

(b) “Juvenile facility” means a place of confinement that is operated by, or contracted for, the county probation department or juvenile court for the purpose of the confinement of youth who are taken into custody and alleged to be within the description of Section 601 or 602 who are adjudged to be a ward of the court.

(c) “Youth” means any person detained in a juvenile facility.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 786, Sec. 1. (AB 2417) Effective January 1, 2023.)

article: 1.5. Youth Bill of Rights

path: 2. CHILDREN > 2. Juvenile Court Law > 1.5. Youth Bill of Rights


text:
It is the policy of the state that all youth confined in a juvenile facility shall have the following rights, which are established by existing law and regulation:

(a) To live in a safe, healthy, and clean environment conducive to treatment, positive youth development, and healing and where they are treated with dignity and respect.

(b) To be free from physical, sexual, emotional, or other abuse, or corporal punishment.

(c) To receive adequate and healthy meals and snacks, clean water at any time, timely access to toilets, access to daily showers, sufficient personal hygiene items, clean bedding, and clean clothing in good repair, including clean undergarments on a daily basis, and new underwear that fits. Clothing, grooming, and hygiene products shall be adequate and respect the child’s culture, ethnicity, and gender identity and expression.

(d) To receive adequate, appropriate, and timely medical, reproductive, dental, vision, behavioral health, and mental health services provided by qualified professionals and consistent with current professional standards of care.

(e) To refuse the administration of psychotropic and other medications consistent with applicable law or unless immediately necessary for the preservation of life or the prevention of serious bodily harm.

(f) To not be searched for the purpose of harassment or humiliation, a form of discipline or punishment, or to verify the youth’s gender. To searches that preserve the privacy and dignity of the person and to have access to a written search policy at any time, including the policy on who may perform searches.

(g) To maintain frequent and continuing contact with parents, guardians, siblings, children, and extended family members, through visits, telephone calls, and mail. Youth may be provided with access to computer technology and the internet for maintaining relationships with family as an alternative, but not as a replacement for, in-person visiting.

(h) To make and receive confidential telephone calls, send and receive confidential mail, and have confidential visits with attorneys and their authorized representatives, ombudspersons, including the Division of the Ombudsperson of the Office of Youth and Community Restoration, and other advocates, holders of public office, state and federal court personnel, and legal service organizations.

(i) To have fair and equal access to all available services, housing, care, treatment, and benefits, and to not be subjected to discrimination or harassment on the basis of actual or perceived race, ethnicity, ancestry, national origin, language, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, mental or physical disability, immigration status, or HIV status.

(j) To have daily opportunities for age-appropriate physical exercise and recreation, including time spent outdoors and access to leisure reading, letter writing, and entertainment.

(k) To contact attorneys, ombudspersons, including the Division of the Ombudsperson of the Office of Youth and Community Restoration, and other advocates, and representatives of state or local agencies, regarding conditions of confinement or violations of rights, and to be free from retaliation for making these contacts or complaints.

(l) To exercise the religious or spiritual practice of their choice and to participate in or refuse to participate in religious services and activities.

(m) To not be deprived of any of the following as a disciplinary measure: food, contact with parents, guardians, family, or attorneys, sleep, exercise, education, bedding, clothing, access to religious services, a daily shower, clean water, a toilet, hygiene products, medical services, reading material, or the right to send and receive mail; to not be subject to room confinement as a disciplinary measure; to access written disciplinary policies, including the right to be informed of accusations against them, have an opportunity to be heard, present evidence and testimony, and their right to appeal disciplinary decisions.

(n) To receive a rigorous, quality education that complies with state law, and the abilities of students and prepares them for high school graduation, career entry, and postsecondary education; to attend appropriate level school classes and vocational training; to have access to postsecondary academic and career technical education courses and programs; to have access to computer technology and the internet for the purposes of education and to continue to receive educational services while on disciplinary or medical status; and to have access to information about the educational options available to youth.

(o) To information about their rights as parents, including available parental support, reunification advocacy, and opportunities to maintain or develop a connection with their children; to access educational information or programming about pregnancy, infant care, parenting, and breast-feeding, and childhood development; to proper prenatal care, diet, vitamins, nutrition, and medical treatment; to counseling for pregnant and postpartum youth; to not be restrained by the use of leg irons, waist chains, or handcuffs behind the body while pregnant or in recovery after delivery; to not be restrained during a medical emergency, labor, delivery, or recovery unless deemed necessary for their safety and security, and to have restraints removed when a medical professional determines removal is medically necessary; and to access written policies about pregnant, postpartum, and lactating youth.

(p) To attend all court hearings pertaining to them.

(q) To have counsel and a prompt probable cause hearing when detained on probation violations.

(r) To make at least two free telephone calls within an hour after initially being placed in a juvenile facility following an arrest.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2024, Ch. 163, Sec. 1. (SB 1353) Effective January 1, 2025.)

article: 1.5. Youth Bill of Rights


text:
(a) Every juvenile facility shall provide each youth who is placed in the facility with an age and developmentally appropriate orientation that includes an explanation and a copy of the rights and responsibilities of the youth, as specified in Section 224.71, as designed and provided by the Ombudsperson of the Office of Youth and Community Restoration pursuant to subdivision (e) of Section 2200, and that addresses the youth’s questions and concerns.

(b) Each juvenile facility shall post posters designed and provided by the Ombudsperson of the Office of Youth and Community Restoration pursuant to subdivision (e) of Section 2200 that list the rights provided by Section 224.71 in a conspicuous location, including classrooms, living units, and near the telephones that youth can use to call the ombudsperson.

(c) A copy of the rights of the youth shall be provided to parents or guardians of each youth placed in a juvenile facility. The posters and brochures designed and provided by the Ombudsperson of the Office of Youth and Community Restoration pursuant to subdivision (e) of Section 2200, with copies in English, Spanish, and other languages, shall also be made available in the lobbies and visiting areas of juvenile justice facilities and, upon request, to parents or guardians.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2026, Ch. 26, Sec. 11. (AB 152) Effective June 29, 2026.)

article: 1.5. Youth Bill of Rights


text: All juvenile facilities shall ensure the safety and dignity of all youth in their care and shall not discriminate against any youth on the basis of actual or perceived race, ethnicity, ancestry, national origin, color, religion, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, mental or physical disability, immigration status, or HIV status.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 786, Sec. 4. (AB 2417) Effective January 1, 2023.)

article: 1.5. Youth Bill of Rights


text: The Office of Youth and Community Restoration, in consultation with youth, youth advocate and support groups, and groups representing children, families, children’s facilities, and other interested parties, shall develop, no later than July 1, 2023, standardized information explaining the rights specified in Section 224.71. The information developed shall be age-appropriate.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 786, Sec. 5. (AB 2417) Effective January 1, 2023.)

article: 1.5. Youth Bill of Rights


citation: WIC § 225

text:
In each county there shall be a juvenile justice commission consisting of not less than 7 and no more than 15 citizens. Two or more of the members shall be persons who are between 14 and 21 years of age, provided there are available persons between 14 and 21 years of age who are able to carry out the duties of a commission member in a manner satisfactory to the appointing authority. Each person serving as a member of a probation committee immediately prior to September 15, 1961, shall be a member of the juvenile justice commission and shall continue to serve as such until such time as his or her term of appointment as a member of the probation committee would have expired under any prior provision of law. Upon a vacancy occurring in the membership of the commission and upon the expiration of the term of office of any member, a successor shall be appointed by the presiding judge of the superior court with the concurrence of the judge of the juvenile court or, in a county having more than one judge of the juvenile court, with the concurrence of the presiding judge of the juvenile court for a term of four years. When a vacancy occurs for any reason other than the expiration of a term of office, the appointee to fill such vacancy shall hold office for the unexpired term of his or her predecessor.

Appointments may be made by the presiding judge of the superior court, in the same manner designated in this section for the filling of vacancies, to increase the membership of a commission to the maximum of 15 in any county which has a commission with a membership of less than 15 members.

In any county in which the membership of the commission, on the effective date of amendments to this section enacted at the 1971 Regular Session of the Legislature, exceeds the maximum number permitted by this section, no additional appointments shall be made until the number of commissioners is less than the maximum number permitted by this section. In any case, such county’s commission membership shall, on or after January 1, 1974, be no greater than the maximum permitted by this section.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1980, Ch. 751, Sec. 1.)

article: 2. Commissions and Committees

path: 2. CHILDREN > 2. Juvenile Court Law > 2. Commissions and Committees


citation: WIC § 226

text: In lieu of county juvenile justice commissions, the boards of supervisors of two or more adjacent counties may agree to establish a regional juvenile justice commission consisting of not less than eight citizens, and having a sufficient number of members so that their appointment may be equally apportioned between the participating counties. Two or more of the members shall be persons who are between 14 and 21 years of age, provided there are available persons between 14 and 21 years of age who are able to carry out the duties of a commission member in a manner satisfactory to the appointing authority. The presiding judge of the superior court with the concurrence of the judge of the juvenile court or, in a county having more than one judge of the juvenile court, with the concurrence of the presiding judge of the juvenile court of each of the participating counties shall appoint an equal number of members to the regional justice commission and they shall hold office for a term of four years. Of those first appointed, however, if the number appointed be an even number, half shall serve for a term of two years and half shall serve for a term of four years and if the number of members first appointed be an odd number, the greater number nearest half shall serve for a term of two years and the remainder shall serve for a term of four years. The respective terms of the members first appointed shall be determined by lot as soon as possible after their appointment. Upon a vacancy occurring in the membership of the commission and upon the expiration of the term of office of any member, a successor shall be appointed by the presiding judge of the superior court with the concurrence of the judge of the juvenile court or, in a county having more than one judge of the juvenile court, with the concurrence of the presiding judge of the juvenile court of the county which originally appointed such vacating or retiring member. When a vacancy occurs for any reason other than the expiration of a term of office, the appointee shall hold office for the unexpired term of his or her predecessor.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1980, Ch. 751, Sec. 2.)

article: 2. Commissions and Committees


citation: WIC § 227

text: The clerk of the court of the appointing judge shall immediately notify each person appointed a member of a county or regional juvenile justice commission and thereupon such person shall appear before the appointing judge and qualify by taking an oath faithfully to perform the duties of a member of the juvenile justice commission. The qualification of each member shall be entered in the juvenile court record.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 1976, Ch. 1068.)

article: 2. Commissions and Committees


citation: WIC § 228

text: A juvenile justice commission shall elect a chairman and vice chairman annually.

article: 2. Commissions and Committees


citation: WIC § 229

text:
It shall be the duty of a juvenile justice commission to inquire into the administration of the juvenile court law in the county or region in which the commission serves. For this purpose the commission shall have access to all publicly administered institutions authorized or whose use is authorized by this chapter situated in the county or region, shall inspect such institutions no less frequently than once a year, and may hold hearings. A judge of the juvenile court shall have the power to issue subpoenas requiring attendance and testimony of witnesses and production of papers at hearings of the commission.

A juvenile justice commission shall annually inspect any jail or lockup within the county which in the preceding calendar year was used for confinement for more than 24 hours of any minor. It shall report the results of such inspection together with its recommendations based thereon, in writing, to the juvenile court and to the Board of Corrections.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1996, Ch. 12, Sec. 8. Effective February 14, 1996.)

article: 2. Commissions and Committees


text:
(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a juvenile justice commission may inquire into the operation of any group home that serves wards or dependent children of the juvenile court and is located in the county or region the commission serves. The commission may review the safety and well-being of wards or dependent children placed in the group home and the program and services provided in relation to the home’s published program statement.

(b) In conducting its review, the commission shall respect the confidentiality of minors’ records and other information protected under other provisions of law. It may review court or case records of a child provided it keeps the identities of minors named in those records confidential, and may review the financial records of a group home. However, the commission may not review the personnel records of employees or the records of donors to the group home.

(c) The commission shall give the group home manager at least 24 hours’ advance notice of a visit to a group home. If the commission believes that there is a serious violation of applicable licensing laws or regulations or that residents of a group home are in danger of physical or mental abuse, abandonment or other substantial threat to their health and safety, the commission shall notify the Community Care Licensing Division of the State Department of Social Services for appropriate action, shall consult with the presiding judge of the juvenile court and chief probation officer as to whether or not a visit is appropriate, and shall notify other juvenile justice commissions of its actions, as appropriate.

(d) Upon the completion of a visit, if the commission finds any condition in the group home that poses a danger to its residents or otherwise violates any applicable law, ordinance, or regulation, the commission shall verbally advise the group home manager of its findings, unless it determines that the advisement could be detrimental to the children placed there, and shall send written confirmation of its findings to the group home manager within 14 days. The commission may also report its findings to the presiding judge of the juvenile court, chief probation officer, State Department of Social Services, or other juvenile justice commissions as appropriate. A group home manager may meet with the juvenile justice commission, chief probation officer, county welfare director, juvenile court, or the State Department of Social Services to resolve any problem or to submit a plan of correction.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2000, Ch. 908, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 2001.)

article: 2. Commissions and Committees


citation: WIC § 230

text: A juvenile justice commission may recommend to any person charged with the administration of any of the provisions of this chapter such changes as it has concluded, after investigation, will be beneficial. A commission may publicize its recommendations.

article: 2. Commissions and Committees