text:
(a) The department and local authorities, with respect to highways under their respective jurisdictions, may authorize or temporarily permit exclusive or preferential use of high-occupancy vehicle lanes, high-occupancy toll lanes, and other lanes, regardless of the number of passengers in the vehicle, for the games route network if the vehicle displays a distinctive decal, label, or other identifier issued by the organizers of the 2028 Olympic and Paralympic Games that clearly distinguishes the vehicle is being operated on the games route network during a 2028 Olympic and Paralympic Games period. A person shall not drive a vehicle upon those lanes except in conformity with the instructions imparted by the official traffic control devices. Exclusive or preferential use of those lanes shall not exclude authorized emergency vehicles as defined by Section 165, or public transit.

(b) The design of the decal, label, or other identifier issued by the 2028 Olympic and Paralympic Games organizers shall be approved by the department, in collaboration with the Department of the California Highway Patrol, and shall display a serial number or identification number to verify that the decal, label, or other identifier is being used on the vehicle for which it is issued.

(c) For purposes of this section:

(1) “Automated enforcement system” means any combination of cameras, sensors, mobile applications, or other technology used to identify and cite violations of subdivision (a). An automated enforcement system does not include video cameras that continuously capture video footage of the roadways. An automated enforcement system may include personnel.

(2) “Department” means the Department of Transportation.

(3) “Games route network” means dedicated traffic lanes for travel used during the 2028 Olympic and Paralympic Games period, as identified by the department or a local authority, in consultation with the 2028 Olympic and Paralympic Games organizers.

(4) “2028 Olympic and Paralympic Games period” means the days identified by the department for which the games route network shall be operable.

(5) “Program operator” means a local authority or regional transportation agency administering the automated enforcement system pursuant to an agreement authorized by this section.

(6) “Regional transportation agency” has the same meaning as subdivision (k) of Section 149.7 of the Streets and Highways Code.

(d) The department, on highways in its jurisdiction, in consultation with state, local, and regional authorities and other relevant stakeholders, may establish a program for automated enforcement of drivers of vehicles that fail to obey the directions of a traffic control device establishing the games route network pursuant to subdivision (a) during the 2028 Olympic and Paralympic Games period.

(e) (1) A program operator shall administer a public information campaign at least 120 calendar days before implementation of an automated enforcement system pursuant to this section.

(2) (A) Following the public information campaign described in paragraph (1), the program operator shall use automated enforcement systems to issue a warning letter to users of the games route network lanes for at least 30 days, unless the department determines a longer period is appropriate. A warning letter shall include the following information:

(i) The dates of the 2028 Olympic and Paralympic Games period.

(ii) Restrictions on the use of the games route network during the 2028 Olympic and Paralympic Games period.

(iii) A statement that an automated enforcement system will be used to issue notices of violation for improper use of the games route network and the date that issuance of notices of violations will commence.

(iv) The amount of the civil penalty to be assessed for improper use of the games route network.

(B) Multiple warning letters may be issued to the registered owner of a vehicle during the warning period.

(f) The program operator shall provide signage clearly identifying the presence of the automated enforcement on signs approved by the department. The signs shall be visible to traffic traveling on the highway from the direction of travel for which the automated enforcement system is used and shall be posted at locations as may be determined necessary by the department after consultation with the California Traffic Control Devices Committee.

(g) The automated enforcement system cameras, to the extent feasible, shall be angled and focused so as to only capture images of the rear license plate and a decal, label, or other identifier as described in subdivision (b). Images shall not capture identifying images of the driver, passengers, pedestrians, or other vehicles and their drivers. Any identifying images captured beyond the rear license plate, the rear of the car below the back windshield, and the decal, label, or other identifier described in subdivision (b) shall be blurred and rendered unrecognizable.

(h) The development and adoption of an automated enforcement program pursuant to this section is exempt from the Administrative Procedure Act (Chapter 3.5 (commencing with Section 11340) of Part 1 of Division 3 of Title 2 of the Government Code).

(i) (1) The photographic evidence stored by an automated enforcement system operated pursuant to this section shall not constitute an out-of-court hearsay statement by a declarant under Division 10 (commencing with Section 1200) of the Evidence Code.

(2) Notwithstanding any provision of the California Public Records Act (Division 10 (commencing with Section 7920.000) of Title 1 of the Government Code), or any other law, any photographic image or administrative record made by an automated enforcement system operated pursuant to this section is confidential. The program operator shall use and allow access to these records only for the purposes authorized by this section. Data about the number of violations issued is not considered an administrative record prohibited from disclosure by this section and is subject to disclosure under applicable law.

(3) Notwithstanding any provision of the California Public Records Act (Division 10 (commencing with Section 7920.000) of Title 1 of the Government Code), or any other law, information obtained from the Department of Motor Vehicles for the administration and enforcement of this section is confidential and shall not be used for any other purpose. A program operator and its contractors or agents shall establish procedures to protect the confidentiality of these records consistent with Section 1808.47. To the extent a high-occupancy toll lane is included in the games route network during the 2028 Olympic and Paralympic Games period, this section shall control the use, storage, and disclosure of all data or personally identifiable information collected for administration and enforcement. Section 31490 of the Streets and Highways Code shall not apply to any data or personally identifiable information collected for administration or enforcement pursuant to this section.

(4) Except for court records described in Section 68152 of the Government Code, or as provided in paragraph (5), photographic images, administrative records, and confidential information described in paragraphs (2) and (3) may be retained by the program operator for up to 30 days after final disposition of the notice of violation, after which time the information shall be destroyed. Notwithstanding any other law, the confidential records and evidence shall be destroyed in a manner that maintains the confidentiality of any person included in the record or evidence.

(5) Photographic evidence that is obtained from an automated enforcement system that does not result in the issuance of a notice of violation shall be destroyed within five business days after the image was first taken. The use of facial recognition technology in conjunction with an automated enforcement system shall be prohibited.

(6) Information collected and maintained by the program operator shall only be used to administer the automated enforcement program and shall not be disclosed to any other persons, including, but not limited to, any other federal, state, or local governmental agency or official for any other purpose, except as required by a court order, or in response to a search warrant in an individual case or proceeding. These records shall not be used in conjunction with biometric identifying technology, including, but not limited to, facial recognition technology that identifies specific individuals.

(j) The registered owner or an individual identified by the registered owner as the driver of the vehicle at the time of the alleged violation shall be permitted to review and obtain a copy of the photograph of the alleged violation.

(k) (1) The department may enter into an agreement with a local authority or a regional transportation agency to administer a program pursuant to this section and become the program operator. The agreement shall include a provision that all data collected from the automated enforcement system is confidential and shall prohibit the regional transportation agency from sharing, repurposing, or monetizing collected data, except as specifically authorized in this section. Nothing in this section shall be construed to alter or supersede the authority of a regional transportation agency over toll collection, toll enforcement, or ExpressLanes operations authorized pursuant to other laws or agreements. The agreement shall address which entity will maintain control and have the final decisionmaking authority over all enforcement activities, including the determination of when a notice of violation should be issued.

(2) The development, implementation, and operation of all aspects of an automated enforcement system pursuant to this section, including, but not limited to, distribution of revenue, operating conditions, and enforcement, shall be subject to subdivision (r) and the agreement between the department or program operator and the regional transportation agency.

(l) A program operator may enter into contracts with manufacturers or suppliers of automated enforcement systems to purchase or lease materials or equipment. However, any contract pursuant to this subdivision shall allow the program operator to purchase or lease equipment and materials based on services rendered at intervals agreed to by the program operator and contractor. The contract shall not allow for payment or compensation based on the number of notices of violation issued by the automated enforcement system or based on a percentage of revenue generated from the use of the system. The contract shall include a provision that all data collected from the automated enforcement system is confidential and shall prohibit the contractor from sharing, repurposing, or monetizing collected data. The program operator shall oversee, maintain control, and have the final decision over all enforcement activities, including the determination of when a notice of violation should be issued.

(m) The program operator may contract with a vendor for the processing of notices of violation. The vendor shall be a separate legal and corporate entity from, and not related to, or affiliated in any manner with, the manufacturer or supplier of automated enforcement systems used by the program operator. Any contract between the program operator and a vendor to provide processing services may include a provision for the payment of compensation based on the number of notices of violation processed by the vendor.

(n) Notwithstanding any other law, a violation of subdivision (a) that is recorded by an automated enforcement system shall be subject only to a civil penalty and shall not result in the Department of Motor Vehicles suspending or revoking driving privileges, preventing registration renewals, or assessing violation points against driving records.

(o) (1) A civil penalty of two hundred ninety-three dollars ($293) shall be assessed for a violation of subdivision (a).

(2) A civil penalty shall not be assessed against authorized emergency vehicles or public transit vehicles.

(p) A notice of violation shall be in writing and issued to the registered owner of the vehicle within 15 calendar days of the date of the violation. The notice of violation shall include all of the following information:

(1) The violation, including reference to the law that was violated.

(2) A clear image of the license plate and rear of the vehicle. Notices of violation shall exclude images of the rear window area of the vehicle.

(3) The date, approximate time, and location of the violation.

(4) The vehicle license plate number and the name and address of the registered owner of the vehicle.

(5) A statement that payment is required to be made no later than 30 calendar days from the date of mailing of the notice of violation.

(6) The amount of the civil penalty and the procedures for payment.

(7) A statement that the violation may be contested and the procedures for contesting the violation.

(8) An affidavit of nonliability, an explanation of what constitutes nonliability and the effect of executing the affidavit, and instructions for returning the affidavit to the processor. If an affidavit of nonliability is returned to the processing agency within 30 calendar days of the mailing of the notice of violation, together with proof of a written lease or rental agreement between a bona fide rental company, as defined in Section 1939.01 of the Civil Code, or a personal vehicle sharing program, as defined in Section 11580.24 of the Insurance Code, and its customer that identifies the renter or lessee, the processing agency shall serve or mail a notice of violation to the renter or lessee identified in the affidavit of nonliability. If the affidavit of nonliability is returned to the processing agency within 30 calendar days of the mailing of the notice of violation, together with proof of a copy of a police report indicating the vehicle had been stolen at the time of the violation, the processing agency shall not subject the registered owner to a violation or penalty pursuant to this section.

(9) A proof of service consistent with Section 1013a of the Code of Civil Procedure.

(q) (1) A civil penalty imposed under this section is separate and independent from any enforcement action taken by a peace officer under this code. The issuance of a notice of violation under this section does not preclude a peace officer from issuing a citation for a violation arising from the same conduct.

(2) To avoid duplicative monetary sanctions, a person shall not be required to pay more than one monetary penalty for the same underlying act. If a citation issued by a peace officer results in a final judgment, any civil penalty issued for the same act shall be dismissed and no civil penalty shall be collected.

(r) (1) Moneys generated from automated enforcement violations pursuant to this section shall be deposited into the Games Route Network Account, which is hereby created in the State Transportation Fund. Moneys received in the account shall be continuously appropriated and made available for the following purposes:

(A) To support the administration of the automated enforcement system for the games route network.

(B) To be transferred to the State Highway Account or the Motor Vehicle Account to cover the department’s costs for the construction, maintenance, and deconstruction of the games route network or to cover the Department of the California Highway Patrol’s costs for enforcement efforts related to the games route network.

(2) Any transfers from the Games Route Network Account to the State Highway Account or the Motor Vehicle Account shall be approved by the Department of Finance and are exempt from the requirements described in Section 183.1 of the Streets and Highways Code.

(s) (1) No later than 30 calendar days from the date of mailing of a notice of violation, the recipient may request an initial review of the notice by the program operator. The request may be made by telephone, in writing, electronically, or in person. There shall be no charge for this review. If, following the initial review, the program operator is satisfied that the violation did not occur, or that extenuating circumstances make cancellation of the notice of violation appropriate in the interest of justice, the program operator shall cancel the notice of violation. The program operator shall mail the results of the initial review to the person contesting the notice within 60 days of receipt of the recipient’s request for an initial review, and, if cancellation of the notice does not occur following that review, include a reason for that denial, notification of the ability to request an administrative hearing, and notice of the procedures adopted by the program operator for the administrative hearing, including for waiving prepayment of the civil penalty based upon an inability to pay.

(2) If the person contesting the notice of violation is dissatisfied with the results of the initial review conducted by the program operator, the person may, no later than 21 calendar days following the mailing of the results of the initial review, request an administrative hearing of the violation. The request may be made by telephone, in writing, electronically, or in person.

(3) The person requesting an administrative hearing shall pay the amount of the civil penalty to the program operator. There shall be no additional charge for this hearing. The program operator shall adopt a written procedure to allow a person to request an administrative hearing without payment of the civil penalty upon satisfactory proof of an inability to pay the amount due.

(4) The administrative hearing shall be held within 90 calendar days following the receipt of a request for an administrative hearing. The person requesting the hearing may request one continuance, not to exceed 21 calendar days.

(t) The administrative hearing process shall include all of the following:

(1) The person requesting a hearing shall have the choice of a hearing upon written declaration, video conference, or in person. An in-person hearing shall be conducted within the department district where the citation was issued.

(2) If the person requesting a hearing is an unemancipated minor, that person shall be permitted to appear at a hearing or admit responsibility for the automated enforcement violation without the appointment of a guardian. The program operator may proceed against the minor in the same manner as against an adult.

(3) The administrative hearing shall be conducted in accordance with written procedures established by the program operator. The hearing shall provide an independent, objective, fair, and impartial review of contested automated enforcement violations.

(4) (A) The program operator shall appoint or contract with qualified independent examiners or administrative hearing providers that employ qualified independent examiners to conduct the administrative hearings. Examiners shall demonstrate the qualifications, training, and objectivity necessary to conduct a fair and impartial review, and shall meet the minimum requirements specified in subparagraph (B). The examiner shall not be involved with the initial issuance of the notice of violation or the processing functions of that violation. An examiner’s continued employment, performance evaluation, compensation, and benefits shall not, directly or indirectly, be linked to the amount of civil penalties upheld by the examiner or the number or percentage of violations upheld by the examiner.

(B) (i) Examiners shall have a minimum of 20 hours of training. The examiner, unless an employee of the program operator, is responsible for the costs of the training. The program operator may reimburse the examiner for those costs. Training may be provided through any of the following:

(I) An accredited college or university.

(II) A program conducted by the Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training.

(III) A program conducted by the American Arbitration Association or a similar organization.

(IV) Any program approved by the program operator, including a program developed and provided by, or for, the program operator.

(ii) Training programs shall include topics relevant to the administrative hearing, including, but not limited to, applicable laws and regulations, enforcement procedures, due process, evaluation of evidence, hearing procedures, and effective oral and written communication. Upon the approval of the program operator, up to 12 hours of relevant experience may be substituted for up to 12 hours of training. Up to eight hours of the training requirements described in this subparagraph may be credited to an individual, at the discretion of the program operator, based upon training programs or courses described in this subparagraph that the individual attended within the last five years.

(5) The individual who issued a notice of violation shall not be required to participate in the administrative hearing. To establish a violation, the program operator shall not be required to produce any evidence other than, in proper form, the notice of violation or copy thereof, including the photograph of the vehicle’s license plate, and information received from the Department of Motor Vehicles identifying the registered owner of the vehicle. The documentation in proper form shall be prima facie evidence of the violation. If the program operator meets its initial burden, the recipient of the notice of violation may present any evidence and argument in defense.

(6) The examiner’s final decision following the administrative hearing may be personally delivered to the person by the examiner or sent by first-class mail within 60 days of the date of the conclusion of the administrative hearing.

(7) Following a determination by the examiner that a person has committed the violation, the examiner or the program operator shall offer to offenders who otherwise provide evidence satisfactory to the examiner or the program operator of an inability to pay the civil penalty in full in one installment, the option to pay applicable fines and penalties over a period of time under a payment plan with monthly installments not to exceed fifty dollars ($50). Any processing fee to participate in a payment plan shall not exceed five dollars ($5).

(8) If a notice of violation is dismissed following an administrative hearing, any civil penalty, if paid, shall be refunded by the program operator within 30 days.

(u) (1) Within 30 days after personal delivery or mailing of the final decision, the contestant may seek review by filing an appeal to the superior court, where the case shall be heard de novo, except that the contents of the program operator’s file in the case on appeal shall be lodged by the program operator at its expense and shall be received into evidence. A copy of the notice of violation shall be admitted into evidence as prima facie evidence of the facts stated in the notice. A copy of the notice of appeal shall be served in person or by certified first-class mail with return receipt upon the program operator by the appellant. For purposes of computing the 30-day period, Section 1013 of the Code of Civil Procedure shall be applicable. A proceeding under this subdivision is a limited civil case.

(2) The fee for filing the notice of appeal shall be as provided in Section 70615 of the Government Code. Upon receipt of the notice of appeal, the program operator shall lodge its administrative record for the case with the court within 15 calendar days. The court shall notify the appellant of the appearance date by mail or personal delivery. The court shall retain the fee under Section 70615 of the Government Code regardless of the outcome of the appeal. If the appellant prevails, this fee and any payment of the civil penalty shall be promptly refunded by the program operator in accordance with the judgment of the court.

(3) The conduct of the hearing on appeal under this section is a subordinate judicial duty that may be performed by a commissioner or other subordinate judicial officer at the direction of the presiding judge of the court.

(4) If a notice of appeal of the examiner’s decision is not filed within the period set forth in paragraph (1), the decision shall be deemed final.

(5) If the civil penalty has not been paid and the final decision is adverse to the appellant, the program operator may, promptly after the decision becomes final, proceed to collect the civil penalty.

(v) (1) The program operator shall allow offenders who qualify for a reduced penalty pursuant to paragraph (2) to pay fines and penalties under this section over a period of time under a payment plan with monthly installments of no more than twenty-five dollars ($25) and shall limit any processing fee to participate in the payment plan to five dollars ($5) or less.

(2) The program operator shall reduce fines and penalties under this section by 80 percent for indigent persons and by 50 percent for individuals with incomes that do not exceed 250 percent of the official federal poverty line.

(3) A person may demonstrate that they are indigent or have an income that does not exceed 250 percent of the official federal poverty line by providing either of the following information, as applicable:

(A) Proof of income from a pay stub or another document showing proof of earnings, including, but not limited to, a bank statement that shows the person meets the income criteria set forth in subdivision (b) of Section 68632 of the Government Code, subject to review and approval by the program operator or its designee. The program operator or its designee shall not unreasonably withhold its approval.

(B) Proof of receipt of benefits under the programs described in subdivision (a) of Section 68632 of the Government Code, including, but not limited to, an electronic benefits transfer card or another card, subject to review and approval by the program operator. The program operator or its designee shall not unreasonably withhold its approval.

(w) Each program operator that is not the department shall report information to the department, as it requests, to conduct an evaluation of the program.

(x) This section shall remain in effect only until January 1, 2029, and as of that date is repealed.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2026, Ch. 82, Sec. 19. (SB 169) Effective July 13, 2026. Repealed as of January 1, 2029, by its own provisions.)

article: 1. Driving on Right Side


kind: section

code: VEH

text: On a two-lane highway where passing is unsafe because of traffic in the opposite direction or other conditions, any vehicle proceeding upon the highway at a speed less than the normal speed of traffic moving in the same direction at that time, behind which five or more vehicles are formed in line, shall turn off the roadway at the nearest place designated as a turnout by signs erected by the authority having jurisdiction over the highway, or wherever sufficient area for a safe turnout exists, in order to permit the vehicles following it to proceed.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2015, Ch. 265, Sec. 1. (AB 208) Effective January 1, 2016.)

division: 11. RULES OF THE ROAD

chapter: 3. Driving, Overtaking, and Passing

article: 1. Driving on Right Side

path: 11. RULES OF THE ROAD > 3. Driving, Overtaking, and Passing > 1. Driving on Right Side


text: The authorities in charge of any highway may designate any highway, roadway, part of a roadway, or specific lanes upon which vehicular traffic shall proceed in one direction at all or such times as shall be indicated by official traffic control devices. When a roadway has been so designated, a vehicle shall be driven only in the direction designated at all or such times as shall be indicated by traffic control devices.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1969, Ch. 136.)

article: 1. Driving on Right Side


text:
Whenever any roadway has been divided into two or more clearly marked lanes for traffic in one direction, the following rules apply:

(a) A vehicle shall be driven as nearly as practical entirely within a single lane and shall not be moved from the lane until such movement can be made with reasonable safety.

(b) Official signs may be erected directing slow-moving traffic to use a designated lane or allocating specified lanes to traffic moving in the same direction, and drivers of vehicles shall obey the directions of the traffic device.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1975, Ch. 450.)

article: 1. Driving on Right Side


text:
(a) For the purposes of this section, “lane splitting” means driving a motorcycle, as defined in Section 400, that has two wheels in contact with the ground, between rows of stopped or moving vehicles in the same lane, including on both divided and undivided streets, roads, or highways.

(b) The Department of the California Highway Patrol may develop educational guidelines relating to lane splitting in a manner that would ensure the safety of the motorcyclist and the drivers and passengers of the surrounding vehicles.

(c) In developing guidelines pursuant to this section, the department shall consult with agencies and organizations with an interest in road safety and motorcyclist behavior, including, but not limited to, all of the following:

(1) The Department of Motor Vehicles.

(2) The Department of Transportation.

(3) The Office of Traffic Safety.

(4) A motorcycle organization focused on motorcyclist safety.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 2016, Ch. 141, Sec. 1. (AB 51) Effective January 1, 2017.)

article: 1. Driving on Right Side


text: Upon a roadway which is divided into three lanes a vehicle shall not be driven in the extreme left lane at any time, nor in the center lane except when overtaking and passing another vehicle where the roadway ahead is clearly visible and the center lane is clear of traffic within a safe distance, or in preparation for a left turn, or where the center lane is at the time allocated exclusively to traffic moving in the direction the vehicle is proceeding and is signposted to give notice of such allocation. This section does not apply upon a one-way roadway.

history: (History: Enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)

article: 1. Driving on Right Side


text: Drivers of vehicles proceeding in opposite directions shall pass each other to the right, and, except when a roadway has been divided into traffic lanes, each driver shall give to the other at least one-half of the main traveled portion of the roadway whenever possible.

article: 1. Driving on Right Side


text: Whenever upon any grade the width of the roadway is insufficient to permit the passing of vehicles approaching from opposite directions at the point of meeting, the driver of the vehicle descending the grade shall yield the right-of-way to the vehicle ascending the grade and shall, if necessary, back his vehicle to a place in the highway where it is possible for the vehicles to pass.

article: 1. Driving on Right Side


text:
The driver of a motor vehicle traveling through defiles or canyons or upon mountain highways shall hold the motor vehicle under control at all times and shall do the following when applicable:

(a) If the roadway has no marked centerline, the driver shall drive as near the right-hand edge of the roadway as is reasonably possible.

(b) If the roadway has insufficient width to permit a motor vehicle to be driven entirely to the right of the center of the roadway, the driver shall give audible warning with the horn of the motor vehicle upon approaching any curve where the view is obstructed within a distance of 200 feet along the highway.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1984, Ch. 462, Sec. 2.)

article: 1. Driving on Right Side


text: Except as expressly permitted pursuant to this code, including Sections 21100.4 and 21114.5, no person shall operate or move a motor vehicle upon a sidewalk except as may be necessary to enter or leave adjacent property.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1996, Ch. 124, Sec. 126. Effective January 1, 1997.)

article: 1. Driving on Right Side


text: It is unlawful for the driver of any vehicle to enter or exit any freeway which has full control of access and no crossings at grade, except upon a designated on ramp with respect to entering the freeway or a designated off ramp with respect to exiting the freeway.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1988, Ch. 765, Sec. 2.)

article: 1. Driving on Right Side


text: No person shall drive a vehicle when it is so loaded, or when there are in the front seat such number of persons as to obstruct the view of the driver to the front or sides of the vehicle or as to interfere with the driver’s control over the driving mechanism of the vehicle.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1965, Ch. 1500.)

article: 2. Additional Driving Rules

path: 11. RULES OF THE ROAD > 3. Driving, Overtaking, and Passing > 2. Additional Driving Rules


text: No person shall knowingly drive a bus within the City of San Diego which is transporting any public or private school pupil who is enrolled in kindergarten or any of grades 1 to 12, inclusive, to or from a public or private school, unless every such pupil is seated in a seat.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 1972, Ch. 1124.)

article: 2. Additional Driving Rules


text: No person shall wilfully interfere with the driver of a vehicle or with the mechanism thereof in such manner as to affect the driver’s control of the vehicle. The provisions of this section shall not apply to a drivers’ license examiner or other employee of the Department of Motor Vehicles when conducting the road or driving test of an applicant for a driver’s license nor to a person giving instruction as a part of a course in driver training conducted by a public school, educational institution or a driver training school licensed by the Department of Motor Vehicles.

article: 2. Additional Driving Rules


text:
(a) No person shall drive upon any highway any vehicle designed or used for transporting persons for compensation for more than 10 consecutive hours nor for more than 10 hours spread over a total of 15 consecutive hours. Thereafter, such person shall not drive any such vehicle until eight consecutive hours have elapsed.

Regardless of aggregate driving time, no driver shall drive for more than 10 hours in any 24-hour period unless eight consecutive hours off duty have elapsed.

(b) No person shall drive upon any highway any vehicle designed or used for transporting merchandise, freight, materials or other property for more than 12 consecutive hours nor for more than 12 hours spread over a total of 15 consecutive hours. Thereafter, such person shall not drive any such vehicle until eight consecutive hours have elapsed.

Regardless of aggregate driving time, no driver shall drive for more than 12 hours in any 24-hour period unless eight consecutive hours off duty have elapsed.

(c) This section does not apply in any case of casualty or unavoidable accident or an act of God.

(d) In computing the number of hours under this section, any time spent by a person in driving such a vehicle outside this state shall, upon the vehicle entering this state, be included.

(e) Any person who violates any provision of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and is punishable by a fine of not less than one hundred dollars ($100) nor more than one thousand dollars ($1,000) for each offense.

(f) This section shall not apply to the driver of a vehicle which is subject to the provisions of Section 34500.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1983, Ch. 1092, Sec. 391. Effective September 27, 1983. Operative January 1, 1984, by Sec. 427 of Ch. 1092.)

article: 2. Additional Driving Rules


text: The driver of a motor vehicle shall not follow another vehicle more closely than is reasonable and prudent, having due regard for the speed of such vehicle and the traffic upon, and the condition of, the roadway.

article: 2. Additional Driving Rules


text:
(a) The driver of any motor vehicle subject to the speed restriction of Section 22406 that is operated outside of a business or residence district, shall keep the vehicle he is driving at a distance of not less than 300 feet to the rear of any other motor vehicle subject to such speed restriction which is preceding it.

(b) The provisions of this section shall not prevent overtaking and passing nor shall they apply upon a highway with two or more lanes for traffic in the direction of travel.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1969, Ch. 226.)

article: 2. Additional Driving Rules


text: Motor vehicles being driven outside of a business or residence district in a caravan or motorcade, whether or not towing other vehicles, shall be so operated as to allow sufficient space and in no event less than 100 feet between each vehicle or combination of vehicles so as to enable any other vehicle to overtake or pass.

article: 2. Additional Driving Rules


text:
No motor vehicle, except an authorized emergency vehicle, shall follow within 300 feet of any authorized emergency vehicle being operated under the provisions of Section 21055.

This section shall not apply to a police or traffic officer when serving as an escort within the purview of Section 21057.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1972, Ch. 46.)

article: 2. Additional Driving Rules


text:
(a) For purposes of this section, the following terms have the following meanings:

(1) “Emergency incident zone” means an area on a freeway that is within 500 feet of, and in the direction of travel of, a stationary authorized emergency vehicle that has its emergency lights activated. Traffic in the opposite lanes of the freeway is not in an “emergency incident zone.”

(2) “Operate a vehicle in an unsafe manner” means operating a motor vehicle in violation of an act made unlawful under this division, except a violation of Section 21809.

(b) A person shall not operate a vehicle in an unsafe manner within an emergency incident zone.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 2006, Ch. 375, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 2007.)

article: 2. Additional Driving Rules


text: No motor vehicle, except an authorized emergency vehicle or a vehicle of a duly authorized member of a fire or police department, shall be operated within the block wherein an emergency situation responded to by any fire department vehicle exists, except that in the event the nearest intersection to the emergency is more than 300 feet therefrom, this section shall prohibit operation of vehicles only within 300 feet of the emergency, unless directed to do so by a member of the fire department or police department, sheriff, deputy sheriff, or member of the California Highway Patrol. The emergency shall be deemed to have ceased to exist when the official of the fire department in charge at the scene of the emergency shall so indicate. Officials of the fire department or police department or the Department of the California Highway Patrol who are present shall make every effort to prevent the closing off entirely of congested highway traffic passing the scene of any such emergency.

article: 2. Additional Driving Rules


text: No person shall drive or propel any vehicle or conveyance upon, over, or across, or in any manner damage any fire hose or chemical hose used by or under the supervision and control of any organized fire department. However, any vehicle may cross a hose provided suitable jumpers or other appliances are installed to protect the hose.

article: 2. Additional Driving Rules


text: No vehicle shall at any time be driven through or within a safety zone.

article: 2. Additional Driving Rules


text: The driver of a motor vehicle when traveling on down grade upon any highway shall not coast with the gears of such vehicle in neutral.

article: 2. Additional Driving Rules


text: No person shall operate a train of vehicles when any vehicle being towed whips or swerves from side to side or fails to follow substantially in the path of the towing vehicle.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 44.)

article: 2. Additional Driving Rules


text:
(a) A person driving a motor vehicle shall not knowingly permit a person to ride on a vehicle or upon a portion of a vehicle that is not designed or intended for the use of passengers.

(b) A person shall not ride on a vehicle or upon a portion of a vehicle that is not designed or intended for the use of passengers.

(c) A person driving a motor vehicle shall not knowingly permit a person to ride in the trunk of that motor vehicle.

(d) A person shall not ride in the trunk of a motor vehicle.

(e) A person violating subdivision (c) or (d) shall be punished as follows:

(1) By a fine of one hundred dollars ($100).

(2) For a second violation occurring within one year of a prior violation that resulted in a conviction, a fine of two hundred dollars ($200).

(3) For a third or a subsequent violation occurring within one year of two or more prior violations that resulted in convictions, a fine of two hundred fifty dollars ($250).

(f) Subdivisions (a) and (b) do not apply to an employee engaged in the necessary discharge of his or her duty or in the case of persons riding completely within or upon vehicle bodies in the space intended for a load on the vehicle.

(g) A person shall not drive a motor vehicle that is towing a trailer coach, camp trailer, or trailer carrying a vessel, containing a passenger, except when a trailer carrying or designed to carry a vessel is engaged in the launching or recovery of the vessel.

(h) A person shall not knowingly drive a motor vehicle that is towing a person riding upon a motorcycle, motorized bicycle, bicycle, coaster, roller skates, sled, skis, or toy vehicle.

(i) Subdivision (g) does not apply to a trailer coach that is towed with a fifth-wheel device if the trailer coach is equipped with safety glazing materials wherever glazing materials are used in windows or doors, with an audible or visual signaling device that a passenger inside the trailer coach can use to gain the attention of the motor vehicle driver, and with at least one unobstructed exit capable of being opened from both the interior and exterior of the trailer coach.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2006, Ch. 900, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 2007.)

article: 2. Additional Driving Rules


text:
No person shall operate on any highway any privately owned armored car unless a license to operate such car has first been obtained from the commissioner in accordance with Chapter 2.5 (commencing with Section 2500) of Division 2.

Violation of this section is a misdemeanor and upon conviction is punishable by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000) or by imprisonment in the county jail for not to exceed six months or by both such fine and imprisonment.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1983, Ch. 1092, Sec. 392. Effective September 27, 1983. Operative January 1, 1984, by Sec. 427 of Ch. 1092.)

article: 2. Additional Driving Rules


text:
The driver of a vehicle described in subdivision (f) of Section 27803 shall not operate the vehicle in either of the following areas:

(a) On, or immediately adjacent to, the striping or other markers designating adjacent traffic lanes.

(b) Between two or more vehicles that are traveling in adjacent traffic lanes.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2008, Ch. 672, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 2009.)

article: 2. Additional Driving Rules


text:
(a) No passenger vehicle regardless of weight, or any other motor vehicle under 4,000 pounds unladen, shall draw or tow more than one vehicle in combination, except that an auxiliary dolly or tow dolly may be used with the towed vehicle.

(b) No motor vehicle under 4,000 pounds unladen shall tow any vehicle weighing 6,000 pounds or more gross.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1983, Ch. 708, Sec. 8.)

article: 2. Additional Driving Rules


text: Except as provided in Section 21115.1 and Chapter 6 (commencing with Section 1950) of Division 2.5 of the Streets and Highways Code, no person shall operate a golf cart on any highway except in a speed zone of 25 miles per hour or less.

history: (History: Amended (as amended by Stats. 1997, Ch. 536, Sec. 3) by Stats. 2000, Ch. 155, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 2001.)

article: 2. Additional Driving Rules


text: Whenever it is necessary for the driver of a motor vehicle to cross a bicycle lane that is adjacent to his lane of travel to make a turn, the driver shall drive the motor vehicle into the bicycle lane prior to making the turn and shall make the turn pursuant to Section 22100.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 1976, Ch. 751.)

article: 2. Additional Driving Rules


text:
(a) No person shall stop, park, or leave standing any vehicle upon a freeway which has full control of access and no crossings at grade except:

(1) When necessary to avoid injury or damage to persons or property.

(2) When required by law or in obedience to a peace officer or official traffic control device.

(3) When any person is actually engaged in maintenance or construction on freeway property or any employee of a public agency is actually engaged in the performance of official duties.

(4) When any vehicle is so disabled that it is impossible to avoid temporarily stopping and another vehicle has been summoned to render assistance to the disabled vehicle or driver of the disabled vehicle. This paragraph applies when the vehicle summoned to render assistance is a vehicle owned by the donor of free emergency assistance that has been summoned by display upon or within a disabled vehicle of a placard or sign given to the driver of the disabled vehicle by the donor for the specific purpose of summoning assistance, other than towing service, from the donor.

(5) Where stopping, standing, or parking is specifically permitted. However, buses may not stop on freeways unless sidewalks are provided with shoulders of sufficient width to permit stopping without interfering with the normal movement of traffic and without the possibility of crossing over fast lanes to reach the bus stop.

(6) Where necessary for any person to report a traffic accident or other situation or incident to a peace officer or any person specified in paragraph (3), either directly or by means of an emergency telephone or similar device.

(7) When necessary for the purpose of rapid removal of impediments to traffic by the owner or operator of a tow truck operating under an agreement with the Department of the California Highway Patrol.

(b) A conviction of a violation of this section is a conviction involving the safe operation of a motor vehicle upon the highway if a notice to appear for the violation was issued by a peace officer described in Section 830.1 or 830.2 of the Penal Code.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 1997, Ch. 945, Sec. 17. Effective January 1, 1998.)

article: 2. Additional Driving Rules


text:
(a) Notwithstanding any other law, in the event of an emergency occurring on a roadway that requires the rapid removal of impediments to traffic or the rendering of assistance to a disabled vehicle obstructing a roadway, a tow truck driver who is operating under an agreement with the law enforcement agency responsible for investigating traffic collisions on the roadway, summoned by the owner or operator of a vehicle involved in a collision or that is otherwise disabled on the roadway, or operating pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 2430.1 may utilize the center median or right shoulder of a roadway if all of the following conditions are met:

(1) A peace officer employed by the investigating law enforcement agency is at the scene of the roadway obstruction and has determined that the obstruction has caused an unnecessary delay to motorists using the roadway.

(2) A peace officer employed by the investigating law enforcement agency has determined that a tow truck can provide emergency roadside assistance by removing the disabled vehicle and gives explicit permission to the tow truck driver allowing the utilization of the center median or right shoulder of the roadway.

(3) The tow truck is not operated on the center median or right shoulder at a speed greater than what is reasonable or prudent having due regard for weather, visibility, the traffic on, and the surface and width of, the roadway, and in no event at a speed that endangers the safety of persons or property.

(4) The tow truck displays flashing amber warning lamps to the front, rear, and both sides while driving in the center median or right shoulder of a roadway pursuant to this section.

(b) For purposes of this section, “utilize the center median” includes making a U-turn across the center median.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2016, Ch. 208, Sec. 14. (AB 2906) Effective January 1, 2017.)

article: 2. Additional Driving Rules


text: A pocket bike shall not be operated on a sidewalk, roadway, or any other part of a highway, or on a bikeway, bicycle path or trail, equestrian trail, hiking or recreational trail, or on public lands open to off-highway motor vehicle use.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 2005, Ch. 323, Sec. 3. Effective January 1, 2006.)

article: 2. Additional Driving Rules


text:
(a) A peace officer, as defined in Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 830) of Title 3 of Part 2 of the Penal Code, may cause the removal and seizure of a pocket bike, upon the notice to appear for a violation of Section 21720. A pocket bike so seized shall be held for a minimum of 48 hours.

(b) A violator of this section shall be responsible for all costs associated with the removal, seizure, and storage of the pocket bike.

(c) A city, county, or city and county may adopt a regulation, ordinance, or resolution imposing charges equal to its administrative costs relating to the removal, seizure, and storage costs of a pocket bike. The charges shall not exceed the actual costs incurred for the expenses directly related to removing, seizing, and storing a pocket bike.

(d) An agency shall release a seized pocket bike to the owner, violator, or the violator’s agent after 48 hours, if all of the following conditions are met:

(1) The violator or authorized agent’s request is made during normal business hours.

(2) The applicable removal, seizure, and storage costs have been paid by the owner, or any other responsible party.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 2005, Ch. 323, Sec. 4. Effective January 1, 2006.)

article: 2. Additional Driving Rules


text:
(a) The driver of a vehicle overtaking another vehicle proceeding in the same direction shall pass to the left at a safe distance without interfering with the safe operation of the overtaken vehicle, subject to the limitations and exceptions set forth in this article.

(b) This section shall become operative on September 16, 2014.

history: (History: Repealed (in Sec. 1) and added by Stats. 2013, Ch. 331, Sec. 2. (AB 1371) Effective January 1, 2014. Section operative September 16, 2014, by its own provisions.)

article: 3. Overtaking and Passing

path: 11. RULES OF THE ROAD > 3. Driving, Overtaking, and Passing > 3. Overtaking and Passing


text: On a two-lane highway, no vehicle shall be driven to the left side of the center of the roadway in overtaking and passing another vehicle proceeding in the same direction unless the left side is clearly visible and free of oncoming traffic for a sufficient distance ahead to permit such overtaking and passing to be completely made without interfering with the safe operation of any vehicle approaching from the opposite direction.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1973, Ch. 50.)

article: 3. Overtaking and Passing


text:
No vehicle shall be driven to the left side of the roadway under the following conditions:

(a) When approaching or upon the crest of a grade or a curve in the highway where the driver’s view is obstructed within such distance as to create a hazard in the event another vehicle might approach from the opposite direction.

(b) When the view is obstructed upon approaching within 100 feet of any bridge, viaduct, or tunnel.

(c) When approaching within 100 feet of or when traversing any railroad grade crossing.

(d) When approaching within 100 feet of or when traversing any intersection.

This section shall not apply upon a one-way roadway.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2000, Ch. 596, Sec. 7. Effective January 1, 2001.)

article: 3. Overtaking and Passing


text: Except when passing on the right is permitted, the driver of an overtaken vehicle shall safely move to the right-hand side of the highway in favor of the overtaking vehicle after an audible signal or a momentary flash of headlights by the overtaking vehicle, and shall not increase the speed of his or her vehicle until completely passed by the overtaking vehicle. This section does not require the driver of an overtaken vehicle to drive on the shoulder of the highway in order to allow the overtaking vehicle to pass.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1999, Ch. 724, Sec. 40. Effective January 1, 2000.)

article: 3. Overtaking and Passing


text:
The driver of a vehicle may overtake and pass to the right of another vehicle only under the following conditions:

(a) When the vehicle overtaken is making or about to make a left turn.

(b) Upon a highway within a business or residence district with unobstructed pavement of sufficient width for two or more lines of moving vehicles in the direction of travel.

(c) Upon any highway outside of a business or residence district with unobstructed pavement of sufficient width and clearly marked for two or more lines of moving traffic in the direction of travel.

(d) Upon a one-way street.

(e) Upon a highway divided into two roadways where traffic is restricted to one direction upon each of such roadways.

The provisions of this section shall not relieve the driver of a slow moving vehicle from the duty to drive as closely as practicable to the right hand edge of the roadway.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2010, Ch. 491, Sec. 39. (SB 1318) Effective January 1, 2011.)

article: 3. Overtaking and Passing


text:
(a) The driver of a vehicle may overtake and pass another vehicle upon the right only under conditions permitting that movement in safety. In no event shall that movement be made by driving off the paved or main-traveled portion of the roadway.

(b) This section does not prohibit the use of a bicycle in a bicycle lane or on a shoulder.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2010, Ch. 491, Sec. 40. (SB 1318) Effective January 1, 2011.)

article: 3. Overtaking and Passing


text:
(a) The driver of a vehicle overtaking any interurban electric or streetcar stopped or about to stop for the purpose of receiving or discharging any passenger shall stop the vehicle to the rear of the nearest running board or door of such car and thereupon remain standing until all passengers have boarded the car or upon alighting have reached a place of safety, except as provided in subdivision (b) hereof.

(b) Where a safety zone has been established or at an intersection where traffic is controlled by an officer or a traffic control signal device, a vehicle need not be brought to a stop before passing any interurban electric or streetcar but may proceed past such car at a speed not greater than 10 miles per hour and with due caution for the safety of pedestrians.

(c) Whenever any trolley coach or bus has stopped at a safety zone to receive or discharge passengers, a vehicle may proceed past such trolley coach or bus at a speed not greater than 10 miles per hour.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 969.)

article: 3. Overtaking and Passing


text:
The driver of a vehicle shall not overtake and pass upon the left, nor shall any driver of a vehicle drive upon the left side of, any interurban electric or street car proceeding in the same direction whether the street car is actually in motion or temporarily at rest, except:

(a) When so directed by a police or traffic officer.

(b) When upon a one-way street.

(c) When upon a street where the tracks are so located as to prevent compliance with this section.

history: (History: Enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)

article: 3. Overtaking and Passing


text: In the event any vehicle is being operated on any grade outside of a business or residence district at a speed of less than 20 miles per hour, no person operating any other motor vehicle shall attempt to overtake and pass such slow moving vehicle unless the overtaking vehicle is operated at a speed of at least 10 miles per hour in excess of the speed of the overtaken vehicle, nor unless the passing movement is completed within a total distance not greater than one-quarter of a mile.

article: 3. Overtaking and Passing


text: The driver of any vehicle approaching any horse drawn vehicle, any ridden animal, or any livestock shall exercise proper control of his vehicle and shall reduce speed or stop as may appear necessary or as may be signalled or otherwise requested by any person driving, riding or in charge of the animal or livestock in order to avoid frightening and to safeguard the animal or livestock and to insure the safety of any person driving or riding the animal or in charge of the livestock.

article: 3. Overtaking and Passing


text:
(a) This section shall be known and may be cited as the Three Feet for Safety Act.

(b) The driver of a motor vehicle overtaking and passing a bicycle that is proceeding in the same direction on a highway shall pass in compliance with the requirements of this article applicable to overtaking and passing a vehicle, and shall do so at a safe distance that does not interfere with the safe operation of the overtaken bicycle, having due regard for the size and speed of the motor vehicle and the bicycle, traffic conditions, weather, visibility, and the surface and width of the highway.

(c) A driver of a motor vehicle shall not overtake or pass a bicycle proceeding in the same direction on a highway at a distance of less than three feet between any part of the motor vehicle and any part of the bicycle or its operator. The driver of a motor vehicle overtaking or passing a bicycle that is proceeding in the same direction and in the same lane of travel shall, if another lane of traffic proceeding in the same direction is available, make a lane change into another available lane with due regard for safety and traffic conditions, if practicable and not prohibited by law, before overtaking or passing the bicycle.

(d) If the driver of a motor vehicle is unable to comply with subdivision (c), due to traffic or roadway conditions, the driver shall slow to a speed that is reasonable and prudent, and may pass only when doing so would not endanger the safety of the operator of the bicycle, taking into account the size and speed of the motor vehicle and bicycle, traffic conditions, weather, visibility, and surface and width of the highway.

(e) (1) A violation of subdivision (b), (c), or (d) is an infraction punishable by a fine of thirty-five dollars ($35).

(2) If a collision occurs between a motor vehicle and a bicycle causing bodily injury to the operator of the bicycle, and the driver of the motor vehicle is found to be in violation of subdivision (b), (c), or (d), a two-hundred-twenty-dollar ($220) fine shall be imposed on that driver.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 343, Sec. 6. (AB 1909) Effective January 1, 2023.)

article: 3. Overtaking and Passing


text:
(a) The driver of a vehicle on a public street or highway approaching and overtaking a stopped waste service vehicle shall make a lane change into an available lane adjacent to the waste service vehicle and shall pass at a safe distance without interfering with the safe operation of the waste service vehicle, with due regard for safety and traffic conditions, if practicable and not prohibited by law.

(b) If the maneuver described in subdivision (a) would be unsafe or impractical, a driver approaching and overtaking a stopped waste service vehicle shall slow to a reasonable and prudent speed that is safe for existing weather, road, and vehicular or pedestrian traffic conditions.

(c) For purposes of this section, “waste service vehicle” means a refuse collection vehicle, including a vehicle collecting recyclables or yard waste that is used for curbside collection, and sewer and catch basin maintenance vehicles.

(d) The requirements in subdivisions (a) and (b) apply when both of the following circumstances exist:

(1) The waste service vehicle is readily identifiable as a waste service vehicle based on the vehicle configuration or markings on the vehicle.

(2) The waste service vehicle displays flashing amber lights.

(e) Subdivisions (a) and (b) do not apply to a waste service vehicle that is located on a private driveway or highway, when the waste service vehicle is not adjacent to the street or highway, or is separated from the street or highway by a protective physical barrier.

(f) This section shall be operative on and after January 1, 2020.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 2018, Ch. 710, Sec. 1. (AB 2115) Effective January 1, 2019. Section operative January 1, 2020, by its own provisions.)

article: 3. Overtaking and Passing


text:
(a) The driver of a vehicle approaching an intersection shall yield the right-of-way to any vehicle which has entered the intersection from a different highway.

(b) (1) When two vehicles enter an intersection from different highways at the same time, the driver of the vehicle on the left shall yield the right-of-way to the vehicle on his or her immediate right, except that the driver of any vehicle on a terminating highway shall yield the right-of-way to any vehicle on the intersecting continuing highway.

(2) For the purposes of this section, “terminating highway” means a highway which intersects, but does not continue beyond the intersection, with another highway which does continue beyond the intersection.

(c) When two vehicles enter an intersection from different highways at the same time and the intersection is controlled from all directions by stop signs, the driver of the vehicle on the left shall yield the right-of-way to the vehicle on his or her immediate right.

(d) (1) The driver of any vehicle approaching an intersection which has official traffic control signals that are inoperative shall stop at the intersection, and may proceed with caution when it is safe to do so.

(2) When two vehicles enter an intersection from different highways at the same time, and the official traffic control signals for the intersection are inoperative, the driver of the vehicle on the left shall yield the right-of-way to the vehicle on his or her immediate right, except that the driver of any vehicle on a terminating highway shall yield the right-of-way to any vehicle on the intersecting continuing highway.

(e) This section does not apply to any of the following:

(1) Any intersection controlled by an official traffic control signal or yield right-of-way sign.

(2) Any intersection controlled by stop signs from less than all directions.

(3) When vehicles are approaching each other from opposite directions and the driver of one of the vehicles intends to make, or is making, a left turn.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2009, Ch. 200, Sec. 11. (SB 734) Effective January 1, 2010.)

chapter: 4. Right-of-Way

path: 11. RULES OF THE ROAD > 4. Right-of-Way


text:
(a) The driver of a vehicle intending to turn to the left or to complete a U-turn upon a highway, or to turn left into public or private property, or an alley, shall yield the right-of-way to all vehicles approaching from the opposite direction which are close enough to constitute a hazard at any time during the turning movement, and shall continue to yield the right-of-way to the approaching vehicles until the left turn or U-turn can be made with reasonable safety.

(b) A driver having yielded as prescribed in subdivision (a), and having given a signal when and as required by this code, may turn left or complete a U-turn, and the drivers of vehicles approaching the intersection or the entrance to the property or alley from the opposite direction shall yield the right-of-way to the turning vehicle.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1993, Ch. 272, Sec. 40. Effective August 2, 1993.)


text:
(a) The driver of any vehicle approaching a stop sign at the entrance to, or within, an intersection shall stop as required by Section 22450. The driver shall then yield the right-of-way to any vehicles which have approached from another highway, or which are approaching so closely as to constitute an immediate hazard, and shall continue to yield the right-of-way to those vehicles until he or she can proceed with reasonable safety.

(b) A driver having yielded as prescribed in subdivision (a) may proceed to enter the intersection, and the drivers of all other approaching vehicles shall yield the right-of-way to the vehicle entering or crossing the intersection.

(c) This section does not apply where stop signs are erected upon all approaches to an intersection.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1988, Ch. 623, Sec. 3.)


text:
(a) The driver of any vehicle approaching any intersection which is controlled by a yield right-of-way sign shall, upon arriving at the sign, yield the right-of-way to any vehicles which have entered the intersection, or which are approaching on the intersecting highway close enough to constitute an immediate hazard, and shall continue to yield the right-of-way to those vehicles until he or she can proceed with reasonable safety.

(b) A driver having yielded as prescribed in subdivision (a) may proceed to enter the intersection, and the drivers of all other approaching vehicles shall yield the right-of-way to the vehicle entering or crossing the intersection.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1988, Ch. 623, Sec. 4.)


text:
(a) The driver of any vehicle about to enter or cross a highway from any public or private property, or from an alley, shall yield the right-of-way to all traffic, as defined in Section 620, approaching on the highway close enough to constitute an immediate hazard, and shall continue to yield the right-of-way to that traffic until he or she can proceed with reasonable safety.

(b) A driver having yielded as prescribed in subdivision (a) may proceed to enter or cross the highway, and the drivers of all other vehicles approaching on the highway shall yield the right-of-way to the vehicle entering or crossing the intersection.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1988, Ch. 623, Sec. 5.)


text:
(a) The Department of Transportation, and local authorities with respect to highways under their jurisdiction, may designate any intersection of a highway as a bridle path or equestrian crossing by erecting appropriate signs. The signs shall be erected on the highway at or near the approach to the intersection, and shall be of a type approved by the Department of Transportation. The signs shall indicate the crossing and any crossmarks, safety devices, or signals the authorities deem necessary to safeguard vehicular and equestrian traffic at the intersection.

(b) The driver of any vehicle shall yield the right-of-way to any horseback rider who is crossing the highway at any designated equestrian crossing which is marked by signs as prescribed in subdivision (a).

(c) Subdivision (b) does not relieve any horseback rider from the duty of using due care for his or her own safety. No horseback rider shall leave a curb or other place of safety and proceed suddenly into the path of a vehicle which is close enough to constitute an immediate hazard.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1988, Ch. 623, Sec. 6.)


text:
Upon the immediate approach of an authorized emergency vehicle which is sounding a siren and which has at least one lighted lamp exhibiting red light that is visible, under normal atmospheric conditions, from a distance of 1,000 feet to the front of the vehicle, the surrounding traffic shall, except as otherwise directed by a traffic officer, do the following:

(a) (1) Except as required under paragraph (2), the driver of every other vehicle shall yield the right-of-way and shall immediately drive to the right-hand edge or curb of the highway, clear of any intersection, and thereupon shall stop and remain stopped until the authorized emergency vehicle has passed.

(2) A person driving a vehicle in an exclusive or preferential use lane shall exit that lane immediately upon determining that the exit can be accomplished with reasonable safety.

(b) The operator of every street car shall immediately stop the street car, clear of any intersection, and remain stopped until the authorized emergency vehicle has passed.

(c) All pedestrians upon the highway shall proceed to the nearest curb or place of safety and remain there until the authorized emergency vehicle has passed.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1996, Ch. 1154, Sec. 68. Effective September 30, 1996.)


text: The provisions of Section 21806 shall not operate to relieve the driver of an authorized emergency vehicle from the duty to drive with due regard for the safety of all persons and property.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 1961, Ch. 653.)


text:
(a) A person driving a vehicle on a highway approaching a stationary authorized emergency vehicle that is displaying emergency lights, a stationary tow truck that is displaying flashing amber warning lights, a stationary marked highway maintenance vehicle that is displaying flashing amber warning lights, or any other stationary vehicle displaying flashing hazard lights or another warning device, including, but not limited to, cones, flares, or retroreflective devices, shall approach with due caution and, before passing in a lane immediately adjacent to the authorized emergency vehicle, tow truck, highway maintenance vehicle, or any other vehicle, absent other direction by a peace officer, proceed to do one of the following:

(1) Make a lane change into an available lane not immediately adjacent to the authorized emergency vehicle that is displaying emergency lights, a stationary tow truck that is displaying flashing amber warning lights, a stationary marked highway maintenance vehicle that is displaying flashing amber warning lights, or any other stationary vehicle displaying flashing hazard lights or another warning device, including, but not limited to, cones, flares, or retroreflective devices, with due regard for safety and traffic conditions, if practicable and not prohibited by law.

(2) If the maneuver described in paragraph (1) would be unsafe or impracticable, slow to a reasonable and prudent speed that is safe for existing weather, road, and vehicular or pedestrian traffic conditions.

(b) A violation of subdivision (a) is an infraction, punishable by a fine of not more than fifty dollars ($50).

(c) The requirements of subdivision (a) do not apply if the stationary authorized emergency vehicle that is displaying emergency lights, the stationary tow truck that is displaying flashing amber warning lights, the stationary marked highway maintenance vehicle that is displaying flashing amber warning lights, or any other stationary vehicle displaying flashing hazard lights or another warning device, including, but not limited to, cones, flares, or retroreflective devices, is not adjacent to the highway or is separated from the highway by a protective physical barrier.

(d) For the purposes of this section, “highway maintenance vehicle” means a vehicle used for the maintenance of highways and roadways in this state and is either of the following:

(1) Owned or operated by the Department of Transportation, a county, or a municipality or other political subdivision of this state.

(2) Owned or operated by a contractor under contract with the Department of Transportation, a county, a municipality, or other political subdivision of this state to maintain highways, roadways, or both.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2025, Ch. 58, Sec. 1. (AB 390) Effective January 1, 2026.)


text:
(a) The Legislature hereby finds and declares that it is the policy of the State of California that safe and convenient pedestrian travel and access, whether by foot, wheelchair, walker, or stroller, be provided to the residents of the state.

(b) In accordance with the policy declared under subdivision (a), it is the intent of the Legislature that all levels of government in the state, particularly the Department of Transportation, work to provide convenient and safe passage for pedestrians on and across all streets and highways, increase levels of walking and pedestrian travel, and reduce pedestrian fatalities and injuries.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 2000, Ch. 833, Sec. 6. Effective January 1, 2001.)

chapter: 5. Pedestrians’ Rights and Duties

path: 11. RULES OF THE ROAD > 5. Pedestrians’ Rights and Duties


text:
(a) On or before January 1, 2028, the Commissioner of the California Highway Patrol, in consultation with the Institute of Transportation Studies at the University of California, shall submit a report to the Legislature regarding statewide pedestrian-related traffic crash data and any associated impacts to traffic safety, including an evaluation of whether and how the changes made to this chapter and Article 3 (commencing with Section 21450) of Chapter 2 by the act that added this section have impacted pedestrian safety.

(b) (1) A report to be submitted pursuant to subdivision (a) shall be submitted in compliance with Section 9795 of the Government Code.

(2) Pursuant to Section 10231.5 of the Government Code, this section is repealed on January 1, 2032.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 2022, Ch. 957, Sec. 7. (AB 2147) Effective January 1, 2023. Repealed as of January 1, 2032, by its own provisions.)


text:
(a) The driver of a vehicle shall yield the right-of-way to a pedestrian crossing the roadway within any marked crosswalk or within any unmarked crosswalk at an intersection, except as otherwise provided in this chapter.

(b) This section does not relieve a pedestrian from the duty of using due care for their safety. No pedestrian may suddenly leave a curb or other place of safety and walk or run into the path of a vehicle that is so close as to constitute an immediate hazard. No pedestrian may unnecessarily stop or delay traffic while in a marked or unmarked crosswalk.

(c) The driver of a vehicle approaching a pedestrian within any marked or unmarked crosswalk shall exercise all due care and shall reduce the speed of the vehicle or take any other action relating to the operation of the vehicle as necessary to safeguard the safety of the pedestrian.

(d) Subdivision (b) does not relieve a driver of a vehicle from the duty of exercising due care for the safety of any pedestrian within any marked crosswalk or within any unmarked crosswalk at an intersection.

(e) (1) A peace officer, as defined in Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 830) of Title 3 of Part 2 of the Penal Code, shall not stop a pedestrian for a violation of this section unless a reasonably careful person would realize there is an immediate danger of a collision with a moving vehicle or other device moving exclusively by human power.

(2) This subdivision does not relieve a pedestrian from the duty of using due care for their safety.

(3) This subdivision does not relieve a driver of a vehicle from the duty of exercising due care for the safety of any pedestrian within the roadway.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 957, Sec. 8. (AB 2147) Effective January 1, 2023.)


text:
(a) An existing marked crosswalk may not be removed unless notice and opportunity to be heard is provided to the public not less than 30 days prior to the scheduled date of removal. In addition to any other public notice requirements, the notice of proposed removal shall be posted at the crosswalk identified for removal.

(b) The notice required by subdivision (a) shall include, but is not limited to, notification to the public of both of the following:

(1) That the public may provide input relating to the scheduled removal.

(2) The form and method of providing the input authorized by paragraph (1).

history: (History: Added by Stats. 2000, Ch. 833, Sec. 9. Effective January 1, 2001.)


text: Whenever any vehicle has stopped at a marked crosswalk or at any unmarked crosswalk at an intersection to permit a pedestrian to cross the roadway the driver of any other vehicle approaching from the rear shall not overtake and pass the stopped vehicle.


text: The driver of any motor vehicle, prior to driving over or upon any sidewalk, shall yield the right-of-way to any pedestrian approaching thereon.


text:
(a) Whenever any pedestrian crosses a roadway other than by means of a pedestrian tunnel or overhead pedestrian crossing, if a pedestrian tunnel or overhead crossing serves the place where the pedestrian is crossing the roadway, such pedestrian shall yield the right-of-way to all vehicles on the highway so near as to constitute an immediate hazard.

(b) This section shall not be construed to mean that a marked crosswalk, with or without a signal device, cannot be installed where a pedestrian tunnel or overhead crossing exists.

(c) (1) A peace officer, as defined in Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 830) of Title 3 of Part 2 of the Penal Code, shall not stop a pedestrian for a violation of subdivision (a) unless a reasonably careful person would realize there is an immediate danger of a collision with a moving vehicle or other device moving exclusively by human power.

(2) This subdivision does not relieve a pedestrian from the duty of using due care for their safety.

(3) This subdivision does not relieve a driver of a vehicle from the duty of exercising due care for the safety of any pedestrian within the roadway.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 957, Sec. 9. (AB 2147) Effective January 1, 2023.)


text:
(a) Every pedestrian upon a roadway at any point other than within a marked crosswalk or within an unmarked crosswalk at an intersection shall yield the right-of-way to all vehicles upon the roadway so near as to constitute an immediate hazard.

(b) The provisions of this section shall not relieve the driver of a vehicle from the duty to exercise due care for the safety of any pedestrian upon a roadway.

(c) (1) A peace officer, as defined in Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 830) of Title 3 of Part 2 of the Penal Code, shall not stop a pedestrian for a violation of subdivision (a) unless a reasonably careful person would realize there is an immediate danger of a collision with a moving vehicle or other device moving exclusively by human power.

(2) This subdivision does not relieve a pedestrian from the duty of using due care for their safety.

(3) This subdivision does not relieve a driver of a vehicle from the duty of exercising due care for the safety of any pedestrian within the roadway.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 957, Sec. 10. (AB 2147) Effective January 1, 2023.)


text:
(a) Between adjacent intersections controlled by traffic control signal devices or by police officers, pedestrians shall not cross the roadway at any place except in a crosswalk.

(b) (1) A peace officer, as defined in Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 830) of Title 3 of Part 2 of the Penal Code, shall not stop a pedestrian for a violation of subdivision (a) unless a reasonably careful person would realize there is an immediate danger of a collision with a moving vehicle or other device moving exclusively by human power.

(2) This subdivision does not relieve a pedestrian from the duty of using due care for their safety.

(3) This subdivision does not relieve a driver of a vehicle from the duty of exercising due care for the safety of any pedestrian within the roadway.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 957, Sec. 11. (AB 2147) Effective January 1, 2023.)


text:
(a) A pedestrian shall not walk upon a roadway outside of a business or residence district otherwise than close to the pedestrian’s left-hand edge of the roadway.

(b) A pedestrian may walk close to their right-hand edge of the roadway if a crosswalk or other means of safely crossing the roadway is not available or if existing traffic or other conditions would compromise the safety of a pedestrian attempting to cross the road.

(c) (1) A peace officer, as defined in Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 830) of Title 3 of Part 2 of the Penal Code, shall not stop a pedestrian for a violation of this section unless a reasonably careful person would realize there is an immediate danger of a collision with a moving vehicle or other device moving exclusively by human power.

(2) This subdivision does not relieve a pedestrian from the duty of using due care for their safety.

(3) This subdivision does not relieve a driver of a vehicle from the duty of exercising due care for the safety of any pedestrian within the roadway.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 957, Sec. 12. (AB 2147) Effective January 1, 2023.)


text: No person shall stand in a roadway for the purpose of soliciting a ride from the driver of any vehicle.

history: (History: Enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)


text: It is unlawful for any person to ski or toboggan on or across any roadway in such a manner as to interfere with the movement of vehicles thereon. A person on skis proceeding on or across a highway at a pace no greater than a walk is not within the prohibition of this section and shall be considered to be a pedestrian with all the rights and duties thereof as prescribed in this code.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1972, Ch. 46.)


text:
(a) The Department of Transportation and local authorities, by order, ordinance, or resolution, with respect to freeways, expressways, or designated portions thereof under their respective jurisdictions, to which vehicle access is completely or partially controlled, may prohibit or restrict the use of the freeways, expressways, or any portion thereof by pedestrians, bicycles or other nonmotorized traffic or by any person operating a motor-driven cycle, motorized bicycle, motorized scooter, or electrically motorized board. A prohibition or restriction pertaining to bicycles, motor-driven cycles, motorized scooters, or electrically motorized boards shall be deemed to include motorized bicycles. A person shall not operate a motorized bicycle wherever that prohibition or restriction is in force. Notwithstanding any order, ordinance, or resolution to the contrary, the driver or passengers of a disabled vehicle stopped on a freeway or expressway may walk to the nearest exit, in either direction, on that side of the freeway or expressway upon which the vehicle is disabled, from which telephone or motor vehicle repair services are available.

(b) The prohibitory regulation authorized by subdivision (a) shall be effective when appropriate signs giving notice thereof are erected upon any freeway or expressway and the approaches thereto. If any portion of a county freeway or expressway is contained within the limits of a city within the county, the county may erect signs on that portion as required under this subdivision if the ordinance has been approved by the city pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 1730 of the Streets and Highways Code.

(c) No ordinance or resolution of local authorities shall apply to any state highway until the proposed ordinance or resolution has been presented to, and approved in writing by, the Department of Transportation.

(d) An ordinance or resolution adopted under this section on or after January 1, 2005, to prohibit pedestrian access to a county freeway or expressway shall not be effective unless it is supported by a finding by the local authority that the freeway or expressway does not have pedestrian facilities and pedestrian use would pose a safety risk to the pedestrian.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2015, Ch. 777, Sec. 4. (AB 604) Effective January 1, 2016.)


text:
(a) This chapter does not prevent local authorities from adopting ordinances prohibiting pedestrians from crossing roadways at other than crosswalks.

(b) (1) A peace officer, as defined in Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 830) of Title 3 of Part 2 of the Penal Code, shall not stop a pedestrian for a violation of an ordinance adopted by a local authority pursuant to this section, unless a reasonably careful person would realize there is an immediate danger of a collision with a moving vehicle or other device moving exclusively by human power.

(2) This subdivision does not relieve a pedestrian from the duty of using due care for their safety.

(3) This subdivision does not relieve a driver of a vehicle from the duty of exercising due care for the safety of any pedestrian within the roadway.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 957, Sec. 13. (AB 2147) Effective January 1, 2023.)


text: Any peace officer having reasonable cause to believe that any pedestrian is stopped or standing on any bridge or overpass for the purpose of violating Section 23110, may lawfully order such person from the bridge or overpass.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 1965, Ch. 1673.)


text: A totally or partially blind pedestrian who is carrying a predominantly white cane (with or without a red tip), or using a guide dog, shall have the right-of-way, and the driver of any vehicle approaching this pedestrian, who fails to yield the right-of-way, or to take all reasonably necessary precautions to avoid injury to this blind pedestrian, is guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding six months, or by a fine of not less than five hundred dollars ($500) nor more than one thousand dollars ($1,000), or both. This section shall not preclude prosecution under any other applicable provision of law.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1993, Ch. 1149, Sec. 7. Effective January 1, 1994.)


text: No person, other than those totally or partially blind, shall carry or use on any highway or in any public building, public facility, or other public place, a predominantly white cane (with or without a red tip).

history: (History: Added by Stats. 1968, Ch. 461.)


text: As used in Sections 21963 and 21964, “blind,” “totally blind,” and “partially blind,” mean having central visual acuity not to exceed 20/200 in the better eye, with corrected lenses, as measured by the Snellen test, or visual acuity greater than 20/200, but with a limitation in the field of vision such that the widest diameter of the visual field subtends an angle not greater than 20 degrees.


text:
(a) A pedestrian shall not proceed along a bicycle path or lane where there is an adjacent adequate pedestrian facility.

(b) (1) A peace officer, as defined in Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 830) of Title 3 of Part 2 of the Penal Code, shall not stop a pedestrian for a violation of subdivision (a) unless a reasonably careful person would realize there is an immediate danger of a collision with a moving vehicle or other device moving exclusively by human power.

(2) This subdivision does not relieve a pedestrian from the duty of using due care for their safety.

(3) This subdivision does not relieve a bicyclist from the duty of exercising due care for the safety of any pedestrian within the roadway.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 957, Sec. 14. (AB 2147) Effective January 1, 2023.)


text: Except as provided in Section 21968, a local authority may adopt rules and regulations by ordinance or resolution prohibiting or restricting persons from riding or propelling skateboards, or electrically motorized boards, on highways, sidewalks, or roadways.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2015, Ch. 777, Sec. 5. (AB 604) Effective January 1, 2016.)


text:
(a) A motorized skateboard shall not be propelled on any sidewalk, roadway, or any other part of a highway or on any bikeway, bicycle path or trail, equestrian trail, or hiking or recreational trail.

(b) For purposes of this section, an electrically motorized board, as defined in Section 313.5, is not a motorized skateboard.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2015, Ch. 777, Sec. 6. (AB 604) Effective January 1, 2016.)


text: A local authority may adopt rules and regulations by ordinance regulating persons engaged in roller skating on a highway, sidewalk, or roadway.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 1981, Ch. 145, Sec. 1.)


text:
(a) No person may stop a vehicle unnecessarily in a manner that causes the vehicle to block a marked or unmarked crosswalk or sidewalk.

(b) Subdivision (a) does not preclude the driver of a vehicle facing a steady circular red light from turning right or turning left from a one-way street onto a one-way street pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 21453.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 2000, Ch. 833, Sec. 11. Effective January 1, 2001.)


text: Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any person who violates subdivision (a) or (b) of Section 21451, subdivision (b) of Section 21453, subdivision (a) of Section 21950, or Section 21952, and causes the bodily injury of anyone other than the driver is guilty of an infraction punishable under Section 42001.18.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 2000, Ch. 833, Sec. 12. Effective January 1, 2001.)


text:
Except as provided in Section 22100.5 or 22101, the driver of any vehicle intending to turn upon a highway shall do so as follows:

(a) Right Turns. Both the approach for a right-hand turn and a right-hand turn shall be made as close as practicable to the right-hand curb or edge of the roadway except:

(1) Upon a highway having three marked lanes for traffic moving in one direction that terminates at an intersecting highway accommodating traffic in both directions, the driver of a vehicle in the middle lane may turn right into any lane lawfully available to traffic moving in that direction upon the roadway being entered.

(2) If a right-hand turn is made from a one-way highway at an intersection, a driver shall approach the turn as provided in this subdivision and shall complete the turn in any lane lawfully available to traffic moving in that direction upon the roadway being entered.

(3) Upon a highway having an additional lane or lanes marked for a right turn by appropriate signs or markings, the driver of a vehicle may turn right from any lane designated and marked for that turning movement.

(b) Left Turns. The approach for a left turn shall be made as close as practicable to the left-hand edge of the extreme left-hand lane or portion of the roadway lawfully available to traffic moving in the direction of travel of the vehicle and, when turning at an intersection, the left turn shall not be made before entering the intersection. After entering the intersection, the left turn shall be made so as to leave the intersection in a lane lawfully available to traffic moving in that direction upon the roadway being entered, except that upon a highway having three marked lanes for traffic moving in one direction that terminates at an intersecting highway accommodating traffic in both directions, the driver of a vehicle in the middle lane may turn left into any lane lawfully available to traffic moving in that direction upon the roadway being entered.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2004, Ch. 183, Sec. 353. Effective January 1, 2005.)

path: 11. RULES OF THE ROAD > 6. Turning and Stopping and Turning Signals


text: No driver shall make a U-turn at an intersection controlled by official traffic signals except as provided in Section 21451, and then only from the far lefthand lane that is lawfully available to traffic moving in the direction of travel from which the turn is commenced. No driver shall make a U-turn at an intersection controlled by official traffic control devices except from the far lefthand lane that is lawfully available to traffic moving in the direction of travel from which the turn is commenced.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1984, Ch. 700, Sec. 2.)

chapter: 6. Turning and Stopping and Turning Signals


text:
(a) The Department of Transportation or local authorities, in respect to highways under their respective jurisdictions, may cause official traffic control devices to be placed or erected within or adjacent to intersections to regulate or prohibit turning movements at such intersections.

(b) When turning movements are required at an intersection, notice of that requirement shall be given by erection of a sign, unless an additional clearly marked traffic lane is provided for the approach to the turning movement, in which event notice as applicable to that additional traffic lane shall be given by an official traffic control device.

(c) When right- or left-hand turns are prohibited at an intersection, notice of that prohibition shall be given by erection of a sign.

(d) When an official traffic control device is placed as required in subdivisions (b) or (c), it is unlawful for a driver of a vehicle to disobey the directions of the official traffic control device.

(e) (1) A person operating a bicycle may travel straight through a right- or left-hand turn only lane when an official traffic control device indicates that the movement is permitted.

(2) The Department of Transportation shall develop standards for lane striping, pavement markings, and appropriate regulatory signs to implement this subdivision.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2019, Ch. 221, Sec. 1. (AB 1266) Effective January 1, 2020.)


text: No person in a business district shall make a U-turn, except at an intersection, or on a divided highway where an opening has been provided in accordance with Section 21651. This turning movement shall be made as close as practicable to the extreme left-hand edge of the lanes moving in the driver’s direction of travel immediately prior to the initiation of the turning movement, when more than one lane in the direction of travel is present.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1985, Ch. 47, Sec. 1.)


text: No person in a residence district shall make a U-turn when any other vehicle is approaching from either direction within 200 feet, except at an intersection when the approaching vehicle is controlled by an official traffic control device.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1970, Ch. 620.)


text: No person shall make a U-turn in front of the driveway entrance or approaches to a fire station. No person shall use the driveway entrance or approaches to a fire station for the purpose of turning a vehicle so as to proceed in the opposite direction.


text: No person shall make a U-turn upon any highway where the driver of such vehicle does not have an unobstructed view for 200 feet in both directions along the highway and of any traffic thereon.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1972, Ch. 64.)


text: No person shall start a vehicle stopped, standing, or parked on a highway, nor shall any person back a vehicle on a highway until such movement can be made with reasonable safety.

history: (History: Enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)


text: No person shall turn a vehicle from a direct course or move right or left upon a roadway until such movement can be made with reasonable safety and then only after the giving of an appropriate signal in the manner provided in this chapter in the event any other vehicle may be affected by the movement.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 1996.)


text: Any signal of intention to turn right or left shall be given continuously during the last 100 feet traveled by the vehicle before turning.


text: No person shall stop or suddenly decrease the speed of a vehicle on a highway without first giving an appropriate signal in the manner provided in this chapter to the driver of any vehicle immediately to the rear when there is opportunity to give the signal.


text:
(a) The signals required by this chapter shall be given by signal lamp, unless a vehicle is not required to be and is not equipped with turn signals. Drivers of vehicles not required to be and not equipped with turn signals shall give a hand and arm signal when required by this chapter.

(b) In the event the signal lamps become inoperable while driving, hand and arm signals shall be used in the manner required in this chapter.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1999, Ch. 1008, Sec. 12. Effective January 1, 2000.)


text:
All required signals given by hand and arm shall be given from the left side of a vehicle in the following manner:

(a) Left turn—hand and arm extended horizontally beyond the side of the vehicle.

(b) Right turn—hand and arm extended upward beyond the side of the vehicle, except that a bicyclist may extend the right hand and arm horizontally to the right side of the bicycle.

(c) Stop or sudden decrease of speed signal—hand and arm extended downward beyond the side of the vehicle.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1976, Ch. 751.)