citation: PEN § 166

text:
(a) Except as provided in subdivisions (b), (c), and (d), a person guilty of any of the following contempts of court is guilty of a misdemeanor:

(1) Disorderly, contemptuous, or insolent behavior committed during the sitting of a court of justice, in the immediate view and presence of the court, and directly tending to interrupt its proceedings or to impair the respect due to its authority.

(2) Behavior specified in paragraph (1) that is committed in the presence of a referee, while actually engaged in a trial or hearing, pursuant to the order of a court, or in the presence of a jury while actually sitting for the trial of a cause, or upon an inquest or other proceeding authorized by law.

(3) A breach of the peace, noise, or other disturbance directly tending to interrupt the proceedings of the court.

(4) Willful disobedience of the terms, as written, of a process or court order or out-of-state court order, lawfully issued by a court, including orders pending trial.

(5) Resistance willfully offered by a person to the lawful order or process of a court.

(6) The contumacious and unlawful refusal of a person to be sworn as a witness or, when so sworn, the like refusal to answer a material question.

(7) The publication of a false or grossly inaccurate report of the proceedings of a court.

(8) Presenting to a court having power to pass sentence upon a prisoner under conviction, or to a member of the court, an affidavit, testimony, or representation of any kind, verbal or written, in aggravation or mitigation of the punishment to be imposed upon the prisoner, except as provided in this code.

(9) Willful disobedience of the terms of an injunction that restrains the activities of a criminal street gang or any of its members, lawfully issued by a court, including an order pending trial.

(b) (1) A person who is guilty of contempt of court under paragraph (4) of subdivision (a) by willfully contacting a victim by telephone or mail, social media, electronic communication, or electronic communication device, or directly, and who has been previously convicted of a violation of Section 646.9 shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail for not more than one year, by a fine of no more than five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment.

(2) For the purposes of sentencing under this subdivision, each contact shall constitute a separate violation of this subdivision.

(3) The present incarceration of a person who makes contact with a victim in violation of paragraph (1) is not a defense to a violation of this subdivision.

(4) For purposes of this subdivision, the following definitions shall apply:

(A) “Social media” has the same definition as in Section 632.01.

(B) “Electronic communication” has the same definition as in Section 646.9.

(C) “Electronic communication device” has the same definition as in Section 646.9.

(c) (1) Notwithstanding paragraph (4) of subdivision (a), a willful and knowing violation of a protective order or stay-away court order described as follows shall constitute contempt of court, a misdemeanor, punishable by imprisonment in a county jail for not more than one year, by a fine of not more than one thousand dollars ($1,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine:

(A) An order issued pursuant to Section 136.2.

(B) An order issued pursuant to paragraph (2) of subdivision (a) of Section 1203.097.

(C) An order issued after a conviction in a criminal proceeding involving elder or dependent adult abuse, as defined in Section 368.

(D) An order issued pursuant to Section 1201.3.

(E) An order described in paragraph (3).

(F) An order issued pursuant to subdivision (j) of Section 273.5.

(2) If a violation of paragraph (1) results in a physical injury, the person shall be imprisoned in a county jail for at least 48 hours, whether a fine or imprisonment is imposed, or the sentence is suspended.

(3) Paragraphs (1) and (2) apply to the following court orders:

(A) An order issued pursuant to Section 6320 or 6389 of the Family Code.

(B) An order excluding one party from the family dwelling or from the dwelling of the other.

(C) An order enjoining a party from specified behavior that the court determined was necessary to effectuate the orders described in paragraph (1).

(4) A second or subsequent conviction for a violation of an order described in paragraph (1) occurring within seven years of a prior conviction for a violation of any of those orders and involving an act of violence or “a credible threat” of violence, as provided in subdivision (c) of Section 139, is punishable by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, or in the state prison for 16 months or two or three years.

(5) The prosecuting agency of each county shall have the primary responsibility for the enforcement of the orders described in paragraph (1).

(d) (1) A person who owns, possesses, purchases, or receives a firearm knowing that person is prohibited from doing so by the provisions of a protective order as defined in Section 136.2 of this code, Section 6218 of the Family Code, or Section 527.6 or 527.8 of the Code of Civil Procedure, shall be punished under Section 29825.

(2) A person subject to a protective order described in paragraph (1) shall not be prosecuted under this section for owning, possessing, purchasing, or receiving a firearm to the extent that firearm is granted an exemption pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 6389 of the Family Code.

(e) (1) If probation is granted upon conviction of a violation of subdivision (c), the court shall impose probation consistent with Section 1203.097.

(2) If probation is granted upon conviction of a violation of subdivision (c), the conditions of probation may include, in lieu of a fine, one or both of the following requirements:

(A) That the defendant make payments to a domestic violence shelter-based program up to a maximum of one thousand dollars ($1,000).

(B) That the defendant provide restitution to reimburse the victim for reasonable costs of counseling and other reasonable expenses that the court finds are the direct result of the defendant’s offense.

(3) For an order to pay a fine, make payments to a domestic violence shelter-based program, or pay restitution as a condition of probation under this subdivision or subdivision (c), the court shall make a determination of the defendant’s ability to pay. An order to make payments to a domestic violence shelter-based program, shall not be made if it would impair the ability of the defendant to pay direct restitution to the victim or court-ordered child support.

(4) If the injury to a married person is caused, in whole or in part, by the criminal acts of the person’s spouse in violation of subdivision (c), the community property shall not be used to discharge the liability of the offending spouse for restitution to the injured spouse required by Section 1203.04, as operative on or before August 2, 1995, or Section 1202.4, or to a shelter for costs with regard to the injured spouse and dependents required by this subdivision, until all separate property of the offending spouse is exhausted.

(5) A person violating an order described in subdivision (c) may be punished for any substantive offenses described under Section 136.1 or 646.9. A finding of contempt shall not be a bar to prosecution for a violation of Section 136.1 or 646.9. However, a person held in contempt for a violation of subdivision (c) shall be entitled to credit for any punishment imposed as a result of that violation against a sentence imposed upon conviction of an offense described in Section 136.1 or 646.9. A conviction or acquittal for a substantive offense under Section 136.1 or 646.9 shall be a bar to a subsequent punishment for contempt arising out of the same act.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 704, Sec. 1. (AB 764) Effective January 1, 2022.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


kind: section

code: PEN

text:
(a) After arrest and before plea or trial or after conviction or plea of guilty and before sentence under paragraph (4) of subdivision (a) of Section 166, for willful disobedience of any order for child, spousal, or family support issued pursuant to Division 9 (commencing with Section 3500) of the Family Code or Section 17400 of the Family Code, the court may suspend proceedings or sentence therein if:

(1) The defendant appears before the court and affirms his or her obligation to pay to the person having custody of the child, or the spouse, that sum per month as shall have been previously fixed by the court in order to provide for the minor child or the spouse.

(2) The defendant provides a bond or other undertaking with sufficient sureties to the people of the State of California in a sum as the court may fix to secure the defendant’s performance of his or her support obligations and that bond or undertaking is valid and binding for two years, or any lesser time that the court shall fix.

(b) Upon the failure of the defendant to comply with the conditions imposed by the court in subdivision (a), the defendant may be ordered to appear before the court and show cause why further proceedings should not be had in the action or why sentence should not be imposed, whereupon the court may proceed with the action, or pass sentence, or for good cause shown may modify the order and take a new bond or undertaking and further suspend proceedings or sentence for a like period.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 1999, Ch. 653, Sec. 20. Effective January 1, 2000.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE

path: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE > 7. Other Offenses Against Public Justice


citation: PEN § 167

text:
Every person who, by any means whatsoever, willfully and knowingly, and without knowledge and consent of the jury, records, or attempts to record, all or part of the proceedings of any trial jury while it is deliberating or voting, or listens to or observes, or attempts to listen to or observe, the proceedings of any trial jury of which he is not a member while such jury is deliberating or voting is guilty of a misdemeanor.

This section is not intended to prohibit the taking of notes by a trial juror in connection with and solely for the purpose of assisting him in the performance of his duties as such juror.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 501.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE

chapter: 7. Other Offenses Against Public Justice


citation: PEN § 168

text:
(a) Every district attorney, clerk, judge, or peace officer who, except by issuing or in executing a search warrant or warrant of arrest for a felony, willfully discloses the fact of the warrant prior to execution for the purpose of preventing the search or seizure of property or the arrest of any person shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year or pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170.

(b) This section shall not prohibit the following:

(1) A disclosure made by a district attorney or the Attorney General for the sole purpose of securing voluntary compliance with the warrant.

(2) Upon the return of an indictment and the issuance of an arrest warrant, a disclosure of the existence of the indictment and arrest warrant by a district attorney or the Attorney General to assist in the apprehension of a defendant.

(3) The disclosure of an arrest warrant pursuant to paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) of Section 14207.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2014, Ch. 437, Sec. 7. (SB 1066) Effective January 1, 2015.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


citation: PEN § 169

text: Any person who pickets or parades in or near a building which houses a court of this state with the intent to interfere with, obstruct, or impede the administration of justice or with the intent to influence any judge, juror, witness, or officer of the court in the discharge of his duty is guilty of a misdemeanor.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 1970, Ch. 1444.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


citation: PEN § 170

text: Every person who maliciously and without probable cause procures a search warrant or warrant of arrest to be issued and executed, is guilty of a misdemeanor.

history: (History: Enacted 1872.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


citation: PEN § 171

text: Every person, not authorized by law, who, without the permission of the officer in charge of any reformatory in this State, communicates with any person detained therein, or brings therein or takes therefrom any letter, writing, literature, or reading matter to or from any person confined therein, is guilty of a misdemeanor.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1941, Ch. 106.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


text:
(a) For purposes of this section:

(1) “Airport” means an airport, with a secured area, that regularly serves an air carrier holding a certificate issued by the United States Secretary of Transportation.

(2) “Passenger vessel terminal” means only that portion of a harbor or port facility, as described in Section 105.105(a)(2) of Title 33 of the Code of Federal Regulations, with a secured area that regularly serves scheduled commuter or passenger operations.

(3) “Sterile area” means a portion of an airport defined in the airport security program to which access generally is controlled through the screening of persons and property, as specified in Section 1540.5 of Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations, or a portion of any passenger vessel terminal to which, pursuant to the requirements set forth in Sections 105.255 and 105.260(a) of Title 33 of the Code of Federal Regulations, access is generally controlled in a manner consistent with the passenger vessel terminal’s security plan and the maritime security level in effect at the time.

(b) It is unlawful for any person to knowingly possess any firearm in any building, real property, or parking area under the control of an airport, except as provided for in subdivision (b), (c), or (e) of Section 26230.

(c) It is unlawful for any person to knowingly possess, within any sterile area of an airport or a passenger vessel terminal, any of the following items:

(1) Any knife with a blade length in excess of four inches, the blade of which is fixed, or is capable of being fixed, in an unguarded position by the use of one or two hands.

(2) Any box cutter or straight razor.

(3) Any metal military practice hand grenade.

(4) Any metal replica hand grenade.

(5) Any plastic replica hand grenade.

(6) Any imitation firearm as defined in Section 417.4.

(7) Any frame, receiver, barrel, or magazine of a firearm.

(8) Any unauthorized tear gas weapon.

(9) Any taser or stun gun as defined in Section 244.5.

(10) Any instrument that expels a metallic projectile, such as a BB or pellet, through the force of air pressure, CO2 pressure, or spring action, or any spot marker gun or paint gun.

(11) Any ammunition as defined in Section 16150.

(d) Subdivisions (b) and (c) shall not apply to, or affect, any of the following:

(1) A duly appointed peace officer as defined in Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 830) of Title 3 of Part 2, a retired peace officer with authorization to carry concealed weapons as described in Article 2 (commencing with Section 25450) of Chapter 2 of Division 5 of Title 4 of Part 6, a full-time paid peace officer of another state or the federal government who is carrying out official duties while in California, or any person summoned by any of these officers to assist in making arrests or preserving the peace while they are actually engaged in assisting the officer.

(2) A person who has authorization to possess a weapon specified in subdivision (c), granted in writing by an airport security coordinator who is designated as specified in Section 1542.3 of Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations, and who is responsible for the security of the airport.

(3) A person, including an employee of a licensed contract guard service, who has authorization to possess a weapon specified in subdivision (c) granted in writing by a person discharging the duties of Facility Security Officer or Company Security Officer pursuant to an approved United States Coast Guard facility security plan, and who is responsible for the security of the passenger vessel terminal.

(e) Subdivision (b) shall not apply to, or affect, any person possessing an unloaded firearm being transported in accordance with Sections 1540.111(c)(2)(iii) and 1540.111(c)(2)(iv) of Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations, which require a hard-sided, locked container, so long as the person is not within any sterile area of an airport or a passenger vessel terminal.

(f) A violation of this section is punishable by imprisonment in a county jail for a period not exceeding six months, or by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment.

(g) The provisions of this section are cumulative, and shall not be construed as restricting the application of any other law. However, an act or omission that is punishable in different ways by this and any other provision of law shall not be punished under more than one provision.

(h) Nothing in this section is intended to affect existing state or federal law regarding the transportation of firearms on airplanes in checked luggage or the possession of the items listed in subdivision (c) in areas that are not “sterile areas.”

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2023, Ch. 249, Sec. 4. (SB 2) Effective January 1, 2024.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


text:
(a) For purposes of this section:

(1) “Public transit facility” means any land, building, or equipment, or an interest therein, including a station on a public transportation route, to which access is controlled in a manner consistent with the public transit authority’s security plan, whether or not the operation thereof produces revenue, that has as its primary purpose the operation of a public transit system or the providing of services to the passengers of a public transit system. A public transit system includes the vehicles used in the system, including, but not limited to, motor vehicles, streetcars, trackless trolleys, buses, light rail systems, rapid transit systems, subways, trains, or jitneys, that transport members of the public for hire.

(2) “Firearm” has the same meaning as specified in subdivisions (a) and (b) of Section 16520.

(b) It is unlawful for a person to knowingly possess any of the following in a public transit facility:

(1) A firearm.

(2) An imitation firearm as defined in subdivision (a) of Section 16700.

(3) An instrument that expels a metallic projectile, such as a BB or pellet, through the force of air pressure, CO2 pressure, or spring action, or a spot marker gun or paint gun.

(4) A metal military practice hand grenade.

(5) A metal replica hand grenade.

(6) A plastic replica hand grenade.

(7) An unauthorized tear gas weapon.

(8) An undetectable knife, as described in Section 17290.

(9) An undetectable firearm, as described in Section 17280.

(c) (1) Subdivision (b) does not apply to, or affect, any of the following:

(A) A duly appointed peace officer as defined in Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 830) of Title 3 of Part 2.

(B) A retired peace officer with authorization to carry concealed weapons as described in Article 2 (commencing with Section 25450) of Chapter 2 of Division 5 of Title 4 of Part 6.

(C) A full-time paid peace officer of another state or the federal government who is carrying out official duties while in California.

(D) A qualified law enforcement officer of another state or the federal government, as permitted under the Law Enforcement Officers Safety Act pursuant to Section 926B or 926C of Title 18 of the United States Code.

(E) A person summoned by an officer listed in subparagraphs (A) to (C), inclusive, to assist in making arrests or preserving the peace while they are actually engaged in assisting the officer.

(F) A person who is responsible for the security of the public transit system and who has been authorized by the public transit authority’s security coordinator, in writing, to possess a weapon specified in subdivision (b).

(G) A person possessing an unloaded firearm while traveling on a public transit system that offers checked baggage services, so long as the firearm is stored in accordance with the public transit system’s checked baggage policies.

(2) Paragraph (7) of subdivision (b) does not apply to or affect the possession of a tear gas weapon when possession is permitted pursuant to Division 11 (commencing with Section 22810) of Title 3 of Part 6.

(3) Paragraph (1) of subdivision (b) does not apply to a person transporting an unloaded firearm locked in a lock box in compliance with paragraph (8) of subdivision (a) of Section 26230.

(d) A violation of this section is punishable by imprisonment in a county jail for a period not exceeding six months, or by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment.

(e) The provisions of this section are cumulative and do not restrict the application of any other law. However, an act or omission that is punishable in different ways by this and any other provision of law shall not be punished under more than one provision.

(f) This section does not prevent prosecution under any other provision of law that may provide a greater punishment.

(g) This section shall be interpreted so as to be consistent with Section 926A of Title 18 of the United States Code.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2025, Ch. 570, Sec. 1. (AB 1078) Effective January 1, 2026.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


citation: PEN § 171b

text:
(a) Any person who brings or possesses within any state or local public building or at any meeting required to be open to the public pursuant to Chapter 9 (commencing with Section 54950) of Part 1 of Division 2 of Title 5 of, or Article 9 (commencing with Section 11120) of Chapter 1 of Part 1 of Division 3 of Title 2 of, the Government Code, any of the following is guilty of a public offense punishable by imprisonment in a county jail for not more than one year, or in the state prison:

(1) Any firearm.

(2) Any deadly weapon described in Section 17235 or in any provision listed in Section 16590.

(3) Any knife with a blade length in excess of four inches, the blade of which is fixed or is capable of being fixed in an unguarded position by the use of one or two hands.

(4) Any unauthorized tear gas weapon.

(5) Any taser or stun gun as defined in Section 244.5.

(6) Any instrument that expels a metallic projectile, such as a BB or pellet, through the force of air pressure, CO2 pressure, or spring action, or any spot marker gun or paint gun.

(b) Subdivision (a) shall not apply to, or affect, any of the following:

(1) A person who possesses weapons in, or transports weapons into, a court of law to be used as evidence.

(2) (A) A duly appointed peace officer as defined in Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 830) of Title 3 of Part 2, a retired peace officer with authorization to carry concealed weapons as described in Article 2 (commencing with Section 25450) of Chapter 2 of Division 5 of Title 4 of Part 6, a full-time paid peace officer of another state or the federal government who is carrying out official duties while in California, or any person summoned by any of these officers to assist in making arrests or preserving the peace while they are actually engaged in assisting the officer.

(B) Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), subdivision (a) shall apply to any person who brings or possesses any weapon specified therein within any courtroom if they are a party to an action pending before the court.

(3) A person holding a valid license to carry the firearm pursuant to Chapter 4 (commencing with Section 26150) of Division 5 of Title 4 of Part 6 who possesses the firearm within a building designated for a court proceeding, including matters before a superior court, district court of appeal, or the California Supreme Court, and is a justice, judge, or commissioner of the court.

(4) A person who has permission to possess that weapon granted in writing by a duly authorized official who is in charge of the security of the state or local government building.

(5) A person who lawfully resides in, lawfully owns, or is in lawful possession of, that building with respect to those portions of the building that are not owned or leased by the state or local government.

(6) A person licensed or registered in accordance with, and acting within the course and scope of, Chapter 11.5 (commencing with Section 7512) or Chapter 11.6 (commencing with Section 7590) of Division 3 of the Business and Professions Code who has been hired by the owner or manager of the building if the person has permission pursuant to paragraph (5).

(7) (A) A person who, for the purpose of sale or trade, brings any weapon that may otherwise be lawfully transferred, into a gun show conducted pursuant to Article 1 (commencing with Section 27200) and Article 2 (commencing with Section 27300) of Chapter 3 of Division 6 of Title 4 of Part 6.

(B) A person who, for purposes of an authorized public exhibition, brings any weapon that may otherwise be lawfully possessed, into a gun show conducted pursuant to Article 1 (commencing with Section 27200) and Article 2 (commencing with Section 27300) of Chapter 3 of Division 6 of Title 4 of Part 6.

(c) As used in this section, “state or local public building” means a building that meets all of the following criteria:

(1) It is a building or part of a building owned or leased by the state or local government, if state or local public employees are regularly present for the purposes of performing their official duties. A state or local public building includes, but is not limited to, a building that contains a courtroom.

(2) It is not a building or facility, or a part thereof, that is referred to in Section 171c, 171d, 626.9, 626.95, or 626.10 of this code, or in Section 18544 of the Elections Code.

(3) It is a building not regularly used, and not intended to be used, by state or local employees as a place of residence.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2023, Ch. 249, Sec. 2. (SB 2) Effective January 1, 2024.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


citation: PEN § 171c

text:
(a) (1) Any person who brings a loaded firearm into, or possesses a loaded firearm within, the State Capitol, the state office building at 1021 O Street in the City of Sacramento, any legislative office, any office of the Governor or other constitutional officer, or any hearing room in which any committee of the Senate or Assembly is conducting a hearing, or upon the grounds of the State Capitol, which is bounded by 10th, L, 15th, and N Streets in the City of Sacramento, shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail for a period of not more than one year, a fine of not more than one thousand dollars ($1,000), or both such imprisonment and fine, or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170.

(2) Any person who brings or possesses, within the State Capitol, any legislative office, any hearing room in which any committee of the Senate or Assembly is conducting a hearing, the Legislative Office Building at 1020 N Street in the City of Sacramento, the state office building at 1021 O Street in the City of Sacramento, or upon the grounds of the State Capitol, which is bounded by 10th, L, 15th, and N Streets in the City of Sacramento, any of the following, is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment in a county jail for a period not to exceed one year, or by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment, if the area is posted with a statement providing reasonable notice that prosecution may result from possession of any of these items:

(A) Any firearm.

(B) Any deadly weapon described in Section 21510 or in any provision listed in Section 16590.

(C) Any knife with a blade length in excess of four inches, the blade of which is fixed or is capable of being fixed in an unguarded position by the use of one or two hands.

(D) Any unauthorized tear gas weapon.

(E) Any stun gun, as defined in Section 244.5.

(F) Any instrument that expels a metallic projectile, such as a BB or pellet, through the force of air pressure, CO2 pressure, or spring action, or any spot marker gun or paint gun.

(G) Any ammunition as defined in Sections 16150 and 16650.

(H) Any explosive as defined in Section 12000 of the Health and Safety Code.

(b) Subdivision (a) shall not apply to, or affect, any of the following:

(1) A duly appointed peace officer as defined in Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 830) of Title 3 of Part 2, a retired peace officer with authorization to carry concealed weapons as described in Article 2 (commencing with Section 25450) of Chapter 2 of Division 5 of Title 4 of Part 6, a full-time paid peace officer of another state or the federal government who is carrying out official duties while in California, or any person summoned by any of these officers to assist in making arrests or preserving the peace while that person is actually engaged in assisting the officer.

(2) A person holding a valid license to carry the firearm pursuant to Chapter 4 (commencing with Section 26150) of Division 5 of Title 4 of Part 6, and who has permission granted by the Chief Sergeants at Arms of the State Assembly and the State Senate to possess a concealed weapon upon the premises described in subdivision (a).

(3) A person who has permission granted by the Chief Sergeants at Arms of the State Assembly and the State Senate to possess a weapon upon the premises described in subdivision (a).

(c) (1) Nothing in this section shall preclude prosecution under Chapter 2 (commencing with Section 29800) or Chapter 3 (commencing with Section 29900) of Division 9 of Title 4 of Part 6 of this code, Section 8100 or 8103 of the Welfare and Institutions Code, or any other law with a penalty greater than is set forth in this section.

(2) The provisions of this section are cumulative, and shall not be construed as restricting the application of any other law. However, an act or omission punishable in different ways by different provisions of law shall not be punished under more than one provision.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 253, Sec. 1. (AB 173) Effective September 23, 2021.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


citation: PEN § 171d

text:
Any person, except a duly appointed peace officer as defined in Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 830) of Title 3 of Part 2, a full-time paid peace officer of another state or the federal government who is carrying out official duties while in California, any person summoned by that officer to assist in making arrests or preserving the peace while they are actually engaged in assisting the officer, a member of the military forces of this state or of the United States engaged in the performance of their duties, the Governor or a member of their immediate family or a person acting with their permission with respect to the Governor’s Mansion or any other residence of the Governor, any other constitutional officer or a member of their immediate family or a person acting with their permission with respect to the officer’s residence, or a Member of the Legislature or a member of their immediate family or a person acting with their permission with respect to the Member’s residence, shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail for not more than one year, by a fine of not more than one thousand dollars ($1,000), or by both the fine and imprisonment, or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, if they do either of the following:

(a) Bring a firearm into, or possess a firearm within, the Governor’s Mansion, or any other residence of the Governor, the residence of any other constitutional officer, or the residence of any Member of the Legislature.

(b) Bring a firearm upon, or possess a firearm upon, the grounds of the Governor’s Mansion or any other residence of the Governor, the residence of any other constitutional officer, or the residence of any Member of the Legislature.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2023, Ch. 249, Sec. 3. (SB 2) Effective January 1, 2024.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


citation: PEN § 171e

text:
A firearm shall be deemed loaded for the purposes of Sections 171c and 171d whenever both the firearm and unexpended ammunition capable of being discharged from such firearm are in the immediate possession of the same person.

In order to determine whether or not a firearm is loaded for the purpose of enforcing Section 171c or 171d, peace officers are authorized to examine any firearm carried by anyone on his person or in a vehicle while in any place or on the grounds of any place in or on which the possession of a loaded firearm is prohibited by Section 171c or 171d. Refusal to allow a peace officer to inspect a firearm pursuant to the provisions of this section constitutes probable cause for arrest for violation of Section 171c or 171d.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 1967, Ch. 960.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


citation: PEN § 171f

text:
No person or group of persons shall willfully and knowingly:

1. Enter or remain within or upon any part of the chamber of either house of the Legislature unless authorized, pursuant to rules adopted or permission granted by either such house, to enter or remain within or upon a part of the chamber of either such house;

2. Engage in any conduct within the State Capitol which disrupts the orderly conduct of official business.

A violation of this section is a misdemeanor.

As used in this section, “State Capitol” means the building which is intended primarily for use of the legislative department and situated in the area bounded by 10th, L, 15th, and N Streets in the City of Sacramento.

Nothing in this section shall forbid any act of any Member of the Legislature, or any employee of a Member of the Legislature, any officer or employee of the Legislature or any committee or subcommittee thereof, or any officer or employee of either house of the Legislature or any committee or subcommittee thereof, which is performed in the lawful discharge of his official duties.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1975, Ch. 548.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


citation: PEN § 172

text:
(a) Every person who, within one-half mile of the land belonging to this state upon which any state prison, or within 1,900 feet of the land belonging to this state upon which any Youth Authority institution is situated, or within one mile of the grounds belonging to the University of California, at Berkeley, or within one mile of the grounds belonging to the University of California at Santa Barbara, as such grounds existed as of January 1, 1961, or within one mile of the grounds belonging to Fresno State College, as such grounds existed as of January 1, 1959, or within three miles of the University Farm at Davis, or within 112 miles of any building actually occupied as a home, retreat, or asylum for ex-soldiers, sailors, and marines of the Army and Navy of the United States, established or to be established by this state, or by the United States within this state, or within the State Capitol, or within the limits of the grounds adjacent and belonging thereto, sells or exposes for sale, any alcoholic beverage, is guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of not less than one hundred dollars ($100), or by imprisonment for not less than 50 days or by both such fine and imprisonment, in the discretion of the court.

(b) The provision of subdivision (a) of this section prohibiting the sale or exposure for sale of any alcoholic beverage within 1,900 feet of the land belonging to this state upon which any Youth Authority institution is situated shall not apply with respect to the Fred C. Nelles School for Boys.

(c) Except within the State Capitol or the limits of the grounds adjacent and belonging thereto, as mentioned in subdivision (a) of this section, the provisions of this section shall not apply to the sale or exposing or offering for sale of ale, porter, wine, similar fermented malt or vinous liquor or fruit juice containing one-half of 1 percent or more of alcohol by volume and not more than 3.2 percent of alcohol by weight nor the sale or exposing or offering for sale of beer.

(d) Distances provided in this section shall be measured not by airline but by following the shortest highway or highways as defined in Section 360 of the Vehicle Code connecting the points in question. In measuring distances from the Folsom State Prison and the eastern facilities of the California Institution for Men at Chino and Youth Training School, the measurement shall start at the entrance gate.

(e) The provision of subdivision (a) prohibiting the sale or exposure for sale of any alcoholic beverage within 112 miles of any building actually occupied as a home, retreat, or asylum for ex-soldiers, sailors, and marines of the Army and Navy of the United States shall not apply to the Veterans’ Home at Yountville, Napa County, California.

(f) The prohibition in subdivision (a) on the sale or exposure for sale of any alcoholic beverage within the State Capitol or within the limits of the grounds adjacent and belonging thereto does not apply with respect to an event that is held on those grounds if all of the following conditions are met:

(1) The event is organized and operated by a nonprofit organization that is located in the City of Sacramento for purposes of increasing awareness of the Sacramento region and promoting education about the food and wine of the Sacramento region.

(2) Tickets for the event are sold on a presale basis only and are not available for sale at the event.

(3) Each attendee has purchased a ticket for the event, regardless of whether the attendee consumes any food or alcohol at the event.

(4) Alcohol is not sold at the event, and any orders or any other activities that would constitute exposure for sale of alcoholic beverages do not occur at the event, except as authorized by this subdivision.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2017, Ch. 224, Sec. 1. (AB 400) Effective September 11, 2017.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


text: No provision of law shall prevent the possession or use of wine on any state university, state college or community college premises solely for use in experimentation in or instruction of viticulture, enology, domestic science or home economics.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1970, Ch. 102.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


text: The provisions of Section 172a shall not apply to the sale or exposing or offering for sale of any alcoholic beverages on the premises of, and by the holder or agent of a holder of, any off-sale license situated within 112 miles from the grounds of the University of Redlands.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 1977, Ch. 760.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


text:
The provisions of Sections 172 and 172a of this code shall not apply to the sale or exposing or offering for sale of alcoholic beverages by a licensee under the Alcoholic Beverage Control Act within the premises occupied by any bona fide club which is situated within one mile of the grounds belonging to the University of California at Berkeley, if the club meets all of the following requirements:

(a) The membership in the club shall be limited to male American citizens over the age of 21 years.

(b) The club shall have been organized and have existed in the City of Berkeley for not less than 35 years continuously.

(c) The club shall have a bona fide membership of not less than 500 members.

(d) The premises occupied by the club are owned by the club, or by a corporation, at least 75 percent of whose capital stock is owned by the club, and have a value of not less than one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000).

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1967, Ch. 138.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


text:
The provisions of Section 172 of this code shall not apply to the sale, gift, or exposing or offering for sale of alcoholic beverages by a licensee under the Alcoholic Beverage Control Act within the premises occupied by any bona fide club which is situated within 2,000 feet of San Quentin Prison in Marin County, provided the club meets all the following requirements:

(a) The club shall have been organized and have existed in the County of Marin for not less than 25 years continuously.

(b) The club shall have a bona fide membership of not less than 1,000 persons.

(c) The premises occupied by the club are owned by the club or by club members.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 1965, Ch. 1452.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


text:
The provisions of Section 172a shall not apply to the sale, gift, or exposing or offering for sale of alcoholic beverages by a licensee under the Alcoholic Beverage Control Act within the premises occupied by any bona fide club which is situated within one mile of the campus of Whittier College in the City of Whittier, or one mile or more from the campus of Leland Stanford Junior University near the City of Palo Alto, provided the club meets all the following requirements:

(a) The club shall have been organized and have existed for not less than 10 years continuously.

(b) The club shall have a bona fide membership of not less than 350 persons.

(c) The club shall own the building which it occupies.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1970, Ch. 1285.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


text: The provisions of Section 172a shall not apply to the sale of alcoholic beverages for consumption on the premises, by a nonprofit organization at a municipally owned conference center located more than one but less than 112 miles from the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 1975, Ch. 88.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


text: The word “university,” when used in this chapter with reference to the sale, exposing or offering for sale, of alcoholic beverages, means an institution which has the authority to grant an academic graduate degree.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1965, Ch. 1588.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


text: Sections 172 to 172.9, inclusive, do not apply to sales to wholesalers or retailers by licensed winegrowers, brandy manufacturers, beer manufacturers, distilled spirits manufacturers’ agents, distilled spirits manufacturers, or wholesalers.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 1965, Ch. 710.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


citation: PEN § 172a

text:
Every person who, within one and one-half miles of the university grounds or campus, upon which are located the principal administrative offices of any university having an enrollment of more than 1,000 students, more than 500 of whom reside or lodge upon such university grounds or campus, sells or exposes for sale, any intoxicating liquor, is guilty of a misdemeanor; provided, however, that the provisions of this section shall not apply to nor prohibit the sale of any of said liquors by any regularly licensed pharmacist who shall maintain a fixed place of business in said territory, upon the written prescription of a physician regularly licensed to practice medicine under the laws of the State of California when such prescription is dated by the physician issuing it, contains the name of the person for whom the prescription is written, and is filled for such person only and within 48 hours of its date; provided further, that the provisions of this section shall not apply to nor prohibit the sale of any of said liquors for chemical or mechanical purposes; provided further, that the provisions of this section shall not apply to nor prohibit the sale or exposing or offering for sale of ale, porter, wine, similar fermented malt, or vinous liquor or fruit juice containing one-half of 1 percent or more of alcohol by volume and not more than 3.2 percent of alcohol by weight nor the sale or exposing or offering for sale of beer.

In measuring distances from the university grounds or campus of any such university, such distances shall not be measured by airline but by following the shortest road or roads connecting the points in question. With respect to Leland Stanford Junior University measurements from the university grounds or campus shall be by airline measurement.

Any license issued and in effect in the City and County of San Francisco on the effective date of the amendment of this section enacted at the 1961 Regular Session of the Legislature may be transferred to any location in the City and County of San Francisco.

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


citation: PEN § 172b

text:
1. Every person who, within one and one-half miles of the boundaries of the grounds belonging to the University of California at Los Angeles on which the principal administrative offices of the university are located, as such boundaries were established as of July 1, 1959, sells or exposes for sale any intoxicating liquor, is guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of not less than one hundred dollars ($100), or by imprisonment for not less than 50 days, or by both such fine and imprisonment, in the discretion of the court.

2. The provisions of this section shall not apply to the sale or exposing or offering for sale of ale, porter, wine, similar fermented malt or vinous liquor or fruit juice containing one-half of 1 percent or more of alcohol by volume and not more than 3.2 percent of alcohol by weight nor the sale or exposing or offering for sale of beer.

3. Distances provided in this section shall be measured not by airline but by following the shortest road or roads connecting the points in question.

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


citation: PEN § 172c

text: Section 172a shall not apply to the sale at auction of alcoholic beverages by a nonprofit organization at the California Science Center premises located at Exposition Park, Los Angeles, California.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1996, Ch. 841, Sec. 15. Effective January 1, 1997.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


citation: PEN § 172d

text:
1. Every person who, within one mile of that portion of the grounds at Riverside (hereinafter described) belonging to the University of California, that will be used by the College of Letters and Sciences, sells, or exposes for sale, any intoxicating liquor, is guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of not less than one hundred dollars ($100), or by imprisonment for not less than 50 days or by both such fine and imprisonment in the discretion of the court.

2. The provisions of this section shall not apply to the sale or exposing or offering for sale of ale, porter, wine, similar fermented malt or vinous liquor or fruit juice containing one-half of 1 percent or more of alcohol by volume and not more than 3.2 percent of alcohol by weight nor the sale or exposing or offering for sale of beer.

3. Distances provided in this section shall be measured not by air line but by following the shortest vehicular road or roads connecting the points in question.

4. The portion of the grounds of the University of California referred to in paragraph 1 are situated in the County of Riverside and more particularly described as follows: beginning at the intersection of Canyon Crest Drive and U.S. Highway 60, thence southeasterly along said highway to a point opposite the intersection of said U.S. Highway 60 and Pennsylvania Avenue, thence northeasterly following centerline of present drive into University campus, thence continuing north along said centerline of drive on west side of Citrus Experiment Station buildings to a point intersecting the present east-west road running east from intersection of Canyon Crest Drive and U.S. Highway 60, thence east 500 feet more or less, thence north 1,300 feet more or less, thence east to intersection of east boundary of the Regents of the University of California property (Valencia Hill Drive), thence north along said east boundary to the north boundary of the Regents of the University of California property (Linden Street), thence west along said north boundary to the west boundary of the Regents of the University of California property (Canyon Crest Drive) thence south along said west boundary to the point of beginning.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1972, Ch. 1241.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


citation: PEN § 172e

text: The provisions of Sections 172, 172a, 172b, 172d, and 172g of this code shall not apply to the sale or the exposing or offering for sale of alcoholic beverages by an on-sale licensee under the Alcoholic Beverage Control Act within premises licensed as a bona fide public eating place as provided in the Constitution and as defined in the Alcoholic Beverage Control Act (commencing at Section 23000, Business and Professions Code), or within premises licensed as a club as defined in Articles 4 and 5 of Chapter 3 of the Alcoholic Beverage Control Act, provided that such club shall have been in existence for not less than 5 years, have a membership of 300 or more, and serves meals daily to its members, or by the holder of a caterer’s permit under the provisions of Section 23399 of the Business and Professions Code in connection with the serving of bona fide meals as defined in Section 23038 of the Business and Professions Code, and the provisions of such sections shall not be construed so as to preclude the Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control from issuing licenses for bona fide public eating places within the areas prescribed by the sections. The provisions of this section shall not permit the issuance of licenses to fraternities, sororities, or other student organizations.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1973, Ch. 599.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


citation: PEN § 172f

text:
The provisions of Sections 172, 172a, 172b, 172d, and 172g of this code shall not apply to the sale or the exposing or offering for sale of any intoxicating liquor in any premises within the areas prescribed by said sections for which a license was issued under the Alcoholic Beverage Control Act (Division 9 (commencing with Section 23000), Business and Professions Code) and is in effect on the effective date of this section or on the effective date of any amendment to Section 172g specifying an additional institution, or in any licensed premises which may become included in such a prescribed area because of the extension of the boundaries of any of the institutions mentioned in said sections or because of the increased enrollment or number of resident students at any of such institutions.

Any such licenses may be transferred from person to person, and may be transferred from premises to premises if the premises to which the license is transferred are not located nearer to the boundaries of the institution, as they exist on the date of the transfer, than the premises from which the license is transferred, except that such license may be transferred once from premises to premises located nearer by not more than 300 feet to the boundaries of the institution as they exist on the date of transfer than the premises from which the license is transferred. If a license is transferred pursuant to this section from premises to premises located nearer by not more than 300 feet to the boundaries of the institution as they exist on the date of the transfer than the premises from which the license is transferred, such license shall not be thereafter transferred to any other premises located nearer to the boundaries of the institution as they exist on the date of the transfer than the premises from which the license is transferred.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1976, Ch. 778.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


citation: PEN § 172g

text:
(a) Every person who, within one-half mile by air line from the intersection of Sierra Vista, Pierce, and Campus Drive streets at the entrance to La Sierra College in the City of Riverside, or within one mile of the grounds or campus of Loma Linda University in the County of San Bernardino, or within one mile of the grounds of the University of Santa Clara in the City of Santa Clara, sells, or exposes for sale, any intoxicating liquor, is guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of not less than one hundred dollars ($100), or by imprisonment in the county jail of not less than 50 days nor more than one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment in the discretion of the court.

(b) The provisions of this section shall not apply to the sale or exposing or offering for sale of ale, porter, wine, similar fermented malt or vinous liquor or fruit juice containing one-half of 1 percent or more of alcohol by volume and not more than 3.2 percent of alcohol by weight nor the sale or exposing or offering for sale of beer.

(c) Distances provided in this section shall be measured not by air line but by following the shortest road or roads connecting the points in question except those applying to La Sierra College.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2013, Ch. 43, Sec. 1. (SB 120) Effective June 28, 2013.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


citation: PEN § 172h

text: The provisions of Sections 172, 172a, 172b, 172d and 172g of this code shall not be applied to prohibit the sale or the exposing or offering for sale of any intoxicating liquor in, or the issuance of an alcoholic beverage license for, any premises because a university has constructed and occupied since January 1, 1960, or in the future constructs, dormitories for its students which has resulted or results in the premises being prohibited by the foregoing sections from selling, exposing or offering such liquor for sale because the premises are or become thereby within the area prescribed by these sections.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 1965, Ch. 1309.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


citation: PEN § 172j

text: The provisions of Sections 172, 172a, 172b, 172d, and 172g shall not apply to the sale or exposing for sale of any intoxicating liquor on the premises of, and by the holder or agent of, a holder of a retail package off-sale general license or retail package off-sale beer and wine license issued under the Alcoholic Beverage Control Act (Division 9 (commencing with Section 23000), Business and Professions Code).

history: (History: Added by Stats. 1973, Ch. 210.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


citation: PEN § 172l

text:
The provisions of Section 172a shall not apply to the sale or offering for sale of any intoxicating liquor on the premises of, and by the holder or agent of a holder of, a retail off-sale license, as defined in Section 23394 of the Business and Professions Code, outside one mile of the closest building of the Claremont Colleges to these premises; nor shall the provisions of Section 172a apply to the sale or offering for sale of any beer, or wine, or both, on the premises of, and by the holder or agent of a holder of, a retail package off-sale beer and wine license, as defined in Section 23393 of the Business and Professions Code, outside 2,000 feet of the closest building of the Claremont Colleges to these premises.

Distance provided in this section shall be measured not by air line but by following the shortest road or roads connecting the points in question.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1973, Ch. 224.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


citation: PEN § 172m

text: The provisions of Section 172a shall not apply to the sale or the exposing or offering for sale of alcoholic beverages at premises licensed under any type of on-sale license issued pursuant to Division 9 (commencing with Section 23000) of the Business and Professions Code, which premises are located off of the grounds or campus of Leland Stanford Junior University near the City of Palo Alto.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 1970, Ch. 1442.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


citation: PEN § 172n

text:
The provisions of Sections 172a and 172b shall not apply to the sale or exposing or offering for sale of alcoholic beverages by any off-sale licensee under the Alcoholic Beverage Control Act situated more than 2,000 feet of the boundaries of the grounds belonging to the University of California at Los Angeles on which the principal administrative offices of the university are located, as such boundaries were established as of July 1, 1959, provided the licensee has conducted a retail grocery business and has held an off-sale beer and wine license at the same location for at least 15 years.

Distances provided in this section shall be measured not by airline but by following the shortest road or roads connecting the points in question.

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


citation: PEN § 172o

text: The provisions of Sections 172, 172a, 172b, 172d, and 172g shall not apply to the sale of wine for consumption off the premises where sold when the wine is sold at a bona fide public eating place by the holder of an on-sale general alcoholic beverage license or an on-sale beer and wine license issued under the Alcoholic Beverage Control Act (Division 9 (commencing with Section 23000) of the Business and Professions Code).

history: (History: Added by Stats. 1985, Ch. 267, Sec. 1.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


citation: PEN § 172p

text: The provisions of Section 172a shall not apply to the sale or exposing or offering for sale of beer or wine by any on-sale licensee under the Alcoholic Beverage Control Act whose licensed premises are situated more than 1,200 feet from the boundaries of Whittier College in the City of Whittier.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 1997, Ch. 774, Sec. 6. Effective January 1, 1998.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


citation: PEN § 173

text: Every Captain, Master of a vessel, or other person, who willfully imports, brings, or sends, or causes or procures to be brought or sent, into this State, any person who is a foreign convict of any crime which, if committed within this State, would be punishable therein (treason and misprision of treason excepted), or who is delivered or sent to him from any prison or place of confinement in any place without this State, is guilty of a misdemeanor.

history: (History: Enacted 1872.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


citation: PEN § 175

text: Every individual person of the classes referred to in Section 173, brought to or landed within this state contrary to the provisions of such section, renders the person bringing or landing liable to a separate prosecution and penalty.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1972, Ch. 637.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


citation: PEN § 181

text: Every person who holds, or attempts to hold, any person in involuntary servitude, or assumes, or attempts to assume, rights of ownership over any person, or who sells, or attempts to sell, any person to another, or receives money or anything of value, in consideration of placing any person in the custody, or under the power or control of another, or who buys, or attempts to buy, any person, or pays money, or delivers anything of value, to another, in consideration of having any person placed in his or her custody, or under his or her power or control, or who knowingly aids or assists in any manner any one thus offending, is punishable by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for two, three or four years.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2011, Ch. 15, Sec. 271. (AB 109) Effective April 4, 2011. Operative October 1, 2011, by Sec. 636 of Ch. 15, as amended by Stats. 2011, Ch. 39, Sec. 68.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


citation: PEN § 182

text:
(a) If two or more persons conspire:

(1) To commit any crime.

(2) Falsely and maliciously to indict another for any crime, or to procure another to be charged or arrested for any crime.

(3) Falsely to move or maintain any suit, action, or proceeding.

(4) To cheat and defraud any person of any property, by any means which are in themselves criminal, or to obtain money or property by false pretenses or by false promises with fraudulent intent not to perform those promises.

(5) To commit any act injurious to the public health, to public morals, or to pervert or obstruct justice, or the due administration of the laws.

(6) To commit any crime against the person of the President or Vice President of the United States, the Governor of any state or territory, any United States justice or judge, or the secretary of any of the executive departments of the United States.

They are punishable as follows:

When they conspire to commit any crime against the person of any official specified in paragraph (6), they are guilty of a felony and are punishable by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for five, seven, or nine years.

When they conspire to commit any other felony, they shall be punishable in the same manner and to the same extent as is provided for the punishment of that felony. If the felony is one for which different punishments are prescribed for different degrees, the jury or court which finds the defendant guilty thereof shall determine the degree of the felony the defendant conspired to commit. If the degree is not so determined, the punishment for conspiracy to commit the felony shall be that prescribed for the lesser degree, except in the case of conspiracy to commit murder, in which case the punishment shall be that prescribed for murder in the first degree.

If the felony is conspiracy to commit two or more felonies which have different punishments and the commission of those felonies constitute but one offense of conspiracy, the penalty shall be that prescribed for the felony which has the greater maximum term.

When they conspire to do an act described in paragraph (4), they shall be punishable by imprisonment in a county jail for not more than one year, or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine.

When they conspire to do any of the other acts described in this section, they shall be punishable by imprisonment in a county jail for not more than one year, or pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170, or by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine. When they receive a felony conviction for conspiring to commit identity theft, as defined in Section 530.5, the court may impose a fine of up to twenty-five thousand dollars ($25,000).

All cases of conspiracy may be prosecuted and tried in the superior court of any county in which any overt act tending to effect the conspiracy shall be done.

(b) Upon a trial for conspiracy, in a case where an overt act is necessary to constitute the offense, the defendant cannot be convicted unless one or more overt acts are expressly alleged in the indictment or information, nor unless one of the acts alleged is proved; but other overt acts not alleged may be given in evidence.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2011, Ch. 15, Sec. 272. (AB 109) Effective April 4, 2011. Operative October 1, 2011, by Sec. 636 of Ch. 15, as amended by Stats. 2011, Ch. 39, Sec. 68.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE

chapter: 8. Conspiracy

path: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE > 8. Conspiracy


text: Notwithstanding subdivisions (a) or (b) of Section 182, any person who actively participates in any criminal street gang, as defined in subdivision (f) of Section 186.22, with knowledge that its members engage in or have engaged in a pattern of criminal gang activity, as defined in subdivision (e) of Section 186.22, and who willfully promotes, furthers, assists, or benefits from any felonious criminal conduct by members of that gang is guilty of conspiracy to commit that felony and may be punished as specified in subdivision (a) of Section 182.

history: (History: Added March 7, 2000, by initiative Proposition 21, Sec. 3. Note: Prop. 21 is titled the Gang Violence and Juvenile Crime Prevention Act of 1998.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


citation: PEN § 183

text: No conspiracies, other than those enumerated in the preceding section, are punishable criminally.

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


citation: PEN § 184

text: No agreement amounts to a conspiracy, unless some act, beside such agreement, be done within this state to effect the object thereof, by one or more of the parties to such agreement and the trial of cases of conspiracy may be had in any county in which any such act be done.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1919, Ch. 125.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


text:
(a) A law enforcement officer shall not wear a facial covering that conceals or obscures their facial identity in the performance of their duties, except as expressly authorized in this section.

(b) (1) For purposes of this section, “facial covering” means any opaque mask, garment, helmet, headgear, or other item that conceals or obscures the facial identity of an individual, including, but not limited to, a balaclava, tactical mask, gator, ski mask, and any similar type of facial covering or face-shielding item.

(2) A “facial covering” does not include any of the following:

(A) A translucent face shield or clear mask that does not conceal the wearer’s facial identity and is used in compliance with the employing agency’s policy and procedures in Section 7289 of the Government Code.

(B) A N95 medical mask or surgical mask to protect against transmission of disease or infection or any other mask, helmet, or device, including, but not limited to, air-purifying respirators, full or half masks, or self-contained breathing apparatus necessary to protect against exposure to any toxin, gas, smoke, inclement weather, or any other hazardous or harmful environmental condition.

(C) A mask, helmet, or device, including, but not limited to, a self-contained breathing apparatus, necessary for underwater use.

(D) A motorcycle helmet when worn by an officer utilizing a motorcycle or other vehicle that requires a helmet for safe operations while in the performance of their duties.

(E) Eyewear necessary to protect from the use of retinal weapons, including, but not limited to, lasers.

(c) This section does not apply to either of the following:

(1) An officer subject to one or more of the exemptions set forth in paragraph (3) of subdivision (b) of Section 7289 of the Government Code.

(2) An officer assigned to Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) team units while actively performing their SWAT responsibilities.

(d) A willful and knowing violation of this section is punishable as an infraction or a misdemeanor.

(e) For the purposes of this section, “law enforcement officer” means a peace officer, as defined in Section 830, employed by a city, county, or other local agency as well as any officer or agent of a federal law enforcement agency or any law enforcement agency of another state or any person acting on behalf of a federal law enforcement agency or law enforcement agency of another state.

(f) The criminal penalties in this section shall not apply to any law enforcement officer if they were acting in their capacity as an employee of the agency and the agency maintains and publicly posts, no later than July 1, 2026, a written policy pursuant to Section 7289 of the Government Code.

(g) Notwithstanding any other law, any person who is found to have committed an assault, battery, false imprisonment, false arrest, abuse of process, or malicious prosecution, while wearing a facial covering in a knowing and willful violation of this section shall not be entitled to assert any privilege or immunity for their tortious conduct against a claim of civil liability, and shall be liable to that individual for the greater of actual damages or statutory damages of not less than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), whichever is greater.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 2025, Ch. 125, Sec. 3. (SB 627) Effective January 1, 2026.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


citation: PEN § 186

text: This act may be cited as the “California Control of Profits of Organized Crime Act.”

history: (History: Added by Stats. 1982, Ch. 1281, Sec. 1.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE

chapter: 9. Criminal Profiteering

path: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE > 9. Criminal Profiteering


text: The Legislature hereby finds and declares that an effective means of punishing and deterring criminal activities of organized crime is through the forfeiture of profits acquired and accumulated as a result of such criminal activities. It is the intent of the Legislature that the “California Control of Profits of Organized Crime Act” be used by prosecutors to punish and deter only such activities.

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


text:
For purposes of this chapter, the following definitions apply:

(a) “Criminal profiteering activity” means an act committed or attempted or a threat made for financial gain or advantage, which act or threat may be charged as a crime under any of the following sections:

(1) Arson, as defined in Section 451.

(2) Bribery, as defined in Sections 67, 67.5, and 68.

(3) Child pornography or exploitation, as defined in subdivision (b) of Section 311.2, or Section 311.3 or 311.4, which may be prosecuted as a felony.

(4) Felonious assault, as defined in Section 245.

(5) Embezzlement, as defined in Sections 424 and 503.

(6) Extortion, as defined in Section 518.

(7) Forgery, as defined in Section 470.

(8) Gambling, as defined in Sections 320, 321, 322, 323, 326, 330a, 330b, 330c, 330.1, 330.4, 337a to 337f, inclusive, and Section 337i, except the activities of a person who participates solely as an individual bettor.

(9) Kidnapping, as defined in Section 207.

(10) Mayhem, as defined in Section 203.

(11) Murder, as defined in Section 187.

(12) Pimping and pandering, as defined in Section 266.

(13) Receiving stolen property, as defined in Section 496.

(14) Robbery, as defined in Section 211.

(15) Solicitation of crimes, as defined in Section 653f.

(16) Grand theft, as defined in Section 487 or subdivision (a) of Section 487a.

(17) Trafficking in controlled substances, as defined in Sections 11351, 11352, and 11353 of the Health and Safety Code.

(18) Violation of the laws governing corporate securities, as defined in Section 25541 of the Corporations Code.

(19) Offenses contained in Chapter 7.5 (commencing with Section 311) of Title 9, relating to obscene matter, or in Chapter 7.6 (commencing with Section 313) of Title 9, relating to harmful matter that may be prosecuted as a felony.

(20) Presentation of a false or fraudulent claim, as defined in Section 550.

(21) False or fraudulent activities, schemes, or artifices, as described in Section 14107 of the Welfare and Institutions Code.

(22) Money laundering, as defined in Section 186.10.

(23) Offenses relating to the counterfeit of a registered mark, as specified in Section 350, or offenses relating to piracy, as specified in Section 653w.

(24) Offenses relating to the unauthorized access to computers, computer systems, and computer data, as specified in Section 502.

(25) Conspiracy to commit any of the crimes listed above, as defined in Section 182.

(26) Subdivision (a) of Section 186.22, or a felony subject to enhancement as specified in subdivision (b) of Section 186.22.

(27) Offenses related to fraud or theft against the state’s beverage container recycling program, including, but not limited to, those offenses specified in this subdivision and those criminal offenses specified in the California Beverage Container Recycling and Litter Reduction Act (Division 12.1 (commencing with Section 14500) of the Public Resources Code).

(28) Human trafficking, as defined in Section 236.1.

(29) A crime in which the perpetrator induces, encourages, or persuades a person under 18 years of age to engage in a commercial sex act. For purposes of this paragraph, a commercial sex act means any sexual conduct on account of which anything of value is given or received by any person.

(30) A crime in which the perpetrator, through force, fear, coercion, deceit, violence, duress, menace, or threat of unlawful injury to the victim or to another person, causes a person under 18 years of age to engage in a commercial sex act. For purposes of this paragraph, a commercial sex act means any sexual conduct on account of which anything of value is given or received by any person.

(31) Theft of personal identifying information, as defined in Section 530.5.

(32) Offenses involving the theft of a motor vehicle, as specified in Section 10851 of the Vehicle Code.

(33) Abduction or procurement by fraudulent inducement for prostitution, as defined in Section 266a.

(34) (A) Offenses relating to insurance fraud as specified in Sections 2106, 2108, 2109, 2110, 2110.3, 2110.5, 2110.7, and 2117 of the Unemployment Insurance Code.

(B) Fraud offenses relating to COVID-19 pandemic-related insurance programs administered by the Employment Development Department. For the purposes of this subparagraph, “fraud offenses” includes the offenses specified in subparagraph (A).

(b) (1) “Pattern of criminal profiteering activity” means engaging in at least two incidents of criminal profiteering, as defined by this chapter, that meet the following requirements:

(A) Have the same or a similar purpose, result, principals, victims, or methods of commission, or are otherwise interrelated by distinguishing characteristics.

(B) Are not isolated events.

(C) Were committed as a criminal activity of organized crime.

(2) Acts that would constitute a “pattern of criminal profiteering activity” shall not be used by a prosecuting agency to seek the remedies provided by this chapter unless the underlying offense occurred after the effective date of this chapter and the prior act occurred within 10 years, excluding any period of imprisonment, of the commission of the underlying offense. A prior act shall not be used by a prosecuting agency to seek remedies provided by this chapter if a prosecution for that act resulted in an acquittal.

(c) “Prosecuting agency” means the Attorney General or the district attorney of any county.

(d) “Organized crime” means crime that is of a conspiratorial nature and that is either of an organized nature and seeks to supply illegal goods or services such as narcotics, prostitution, pimping and pandering, loan-sharking, counterfeiting of a registered mark in violation of Section 350, the piracy of a recording or audiovisual work in violation of Section 653w, gambling, and pornography, or that, through planning and coordination of individual efforts, seeks to conduct the illegal activities of arson for profit, hijacking, insurance fraud, smuggling, operating vehicle theft rings, fraud against the beverage container recycling program, embezzlement, securities fraud, insurance fraud in violation of the provisions listed in paragraph (34) of subdivision (a), grand theft, money laundering, forgery, or systematically encumbering the assets of a business for the purpose of defrauding creditors. “Organized crime” also means crime committed by a criminal street gang, as defined in subdivision (f) of Section 186.22. “Organized crime” also means false or fraudulent activities, schemes, or artifices, as described in Section 14107 of the Welfare and Institutions Code, and the theft of personal identifying information, as defined in Section 530.5.

(e) “Underlying offense” means an offense enumerated in subdivision (a) for which the defendant is being prosecuted.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 950, Sec. 1. (AB 1637) Effective September 30, 2022.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


text:
(a) In any case in which a person is alleged to have been engaged in a pattern of criminal profiteering activity, upon a conviction of the underlying offense, the assets listed in subdivisions (b) and (c) shall be subject to forfeiture upon proof of the provisions of subdivision (d) of Section 186.5.

(b) Any property interest whether tangible or intangible, acquired through a pattern of criminal profiteering activity.

(c) All proceeds of a pattern of criminal profiteering activity, which property shall include all things of value that may have been received in exchange for the proceeds immediately derived from the pattern of criminal profiteering activity.

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


text:
(a) The prosecuting agency shall, in conjunction with the criminal proceeding, file a petition of forfeiture with the superior court of the county in which the defendant has been charged with the underlying criminal offense, which shall allege that the defendant has engaged in a pattern of criminal profiteering activity, including the acts or threats chargeable as crimes and the property forfeitable pursuant to Section 186.3. The prosecuting agency shall make service of process of a notice regarding that petition upon every individual who may have a property interest in the alleged proceeds, which notice shall state that any interested party may file a verified claim with the superior court stating the amount of their claimed interest and an affirmation or denial of the prosecuting agency’s allegation. If the notices cannot be given by registered mail or personal delivery, the notices shall be published for at least three successive weeks in a newspaper of general circulation in the county where the property is located. If the property alleged to be subject to forfeiture is real property, the prosecuting agency shall, at the time of filing the petition of forfeiture, record a lis pendens in each county in which the real property is situated which specifically identifies the real property alleged to be subject to forfeiture. The judgment of forfeiture shall not affect the interest in real property of any third party which was acquired prior to the recording of the lis pendens.

(b) All notices shall set forth the time within which a claim of interest in the property seized is required to be filed pursuant to Section 186.5.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1983, Ch. 208, Sec. 1.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


text:
(a) Any person claiming an interest in the property or proceeds may, at any time within 30 days from the date of the first publication of the notice of seizure, or within 30 days after receipt of actual notice, file with the superior court of the county in which the action is pending a verified claim stating his or her interest in the property or proceeds. A verified copy of the claim shall be given by the claimant to the Attorney General or district attorney, as appropriate.

(b) (1) If, at the end of the time set forth in subdivision (a), an interested person, other than the defendant, has not filed a claim, the court, upon motion, shall declare that the person has defaulted upon his or her alleged interest, and it shall be subject to forfeiture upon proof of the provisions of subdivision (d).

(2) The defendant may admit or deny that the property is subject to forfeiture pursuant to the provisions of this chapter. If the defendant fails to admit or deny or to file a claim of interest in the property or proceeds, the court shall enter a response of denial on behalf of the defendant.

(c) (1) The forfeiture proceeding shall be set for hearing in the superior court in which the underlying criminal offense will be tried.

(2) If the defendant is found guilty of the underlying offense, the issue of forfeiture shall be promptly tried, either before the same jury or before a new jury in the discretion of the court, unless waived by the consent of all parties.

(d) At the forfeiture hearing, the prosecuting agency shall have the burden of establishing beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant was engaged in a pattern of criminal profiteering activity and that the property alleged in the petition comes within the provisions of subdivision (b) or (c) of Section 186.3.

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


text:
(a) Concurrent with, or subsequent to, the filing of the petition, the prosecuting agency may move the superior court for the following pendente lite orders to preserve the status quo of the property alleged in the petition of forfeiture:

(1) An injunction to restrain all interested parties and enjoin them from transferring, encumbering, hypothecating or otherwise disposing of that property.

(2) Appointment of a receiver to take possession of, care for, manage, and operate the assets and properties so that such property may be maintained and preserved.

(b) No preliminary injunction may be granted or receiver appointed without notice to the interested parties and a hearing to determine that such an order is necessary to preserve the property, pending the outcome of the criminal proceedings, and that there is probable cause to believe that the property alleged in the forfeiture proceedings are proceeds or property interests forfeitable under Section 186.3. However, a temporary restraining order may issue pending that hearing pursuant to the provisions of Section 527 of the Code of Civil Procedure.

(c) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the court in granting these motions may order a surety bond or undertaking to preserve the property interests of the interested parties.

(d) The court shall, in making its orders, seek to protect the interests of those who may be involved in the same enterprise as the defendant, but who were not involved in the commission of the criminal profiteering activity.

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


text:
(a) If the trier of fact at the forfeiture hearing finds that the alleged property or proceeds is forfeitable pursuant to Section 186.3 and the defendant was engaged in a pattern of criminal profiteering activity, the court shall declare that property or proceeds forfeited to the state or local governmental entity, subject to distribution as provided in Section 186.8. No property solely owned by a bona fide purchaser for value shall be subject to forfeiture.

(b) If the trier of fact at the forfeiture hearing finds that the alleged property is forfeitable pursuant to Section 186.3 but does not find that a person holding a valid lien, mortgage, security interest, or interest under a conditional sales contract acquired that interest with actual knowledge that the property was to be used for a purpose for which forfeiture is permitted, and the amount due to that person is less than the appraised value of the property, that person may pay to the state or the local governmental entity which initiated the forfeiture proceeding, the amount of the registered owner’s equity, which shall be deemed to be the difference between the appraised value and the amount of the lien, mortgage, security interest, or interest under a conditional sales contract. Upon that payment, the state or local governmental entity shall relinquish all claims to the property. If the holder of the interest elects not to make that payment to the state or local governmental entity, the property shall be deemed forfeited to the state or local governmental entity and the ownership certificate shall be forwarded. The appraised value shall be determined as of the date judgment is entered either by agreement between the legal owner and the governmental entity involved, or if they cannot agree, then by a court-appointed appraiser for the county in which the action is brought. A person holding a valid lien, mortgage, security interest, or interest under a conditional sales contract shall be paid the appraised value of his or her interest.

(c) If the amount due to a person holding a valid lien, mortgage, security interest, or interest under a conditional sales contract is less than the value of the property and the person elects not to make payment to the governmental entity, the property shall be sold at public auction by the Department of General Services or by the local governmental entity which shall provide notice of that sale by one publication in a newspaper published and circulated in the city, community, or locality where the sale is to take place.

(d) Notwithstanding subdivision (c), a county may dispose of any real property forfeited to the county pursuant to this chapter pursuant to Section 25538.5 of the Government Code.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1992, Ch. 1020, Sec. 3.7. Effective January 1, 1993.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


text:
Notwithstanding that no response or claim has been filed pursuant to Section 186.5, in all cases where property is forfeited pursuant to this chapter and, if necessary, sold by the Department of General Services or local governmental entity, the money forfeited or the proceeds of sale shall be distributed by the state or local governmental entity as follows:

(a) To the bona fide or innocent purchaser, conditional sales vendor, or holder of a valid lien, mortgage, or security interest, if any, up to the amount of their interest in the property or proceeds, when the court declaring the forfeiture orders a distribution to that person. The court shall endeavor to discover all those lienholders and protect their interests and may, at its discretion, order the proceeds placed in escrow for up to an additional 60 days to ensure that all valid claims are received and processed.

(b) To the Department of General Services or local governmental entity for all expenditures made or incurred by it in connection with the sale of the property, including expenditures for any necessary repairs, storage, or transportation of any property seized under this chapter.

(c) To the General Fund of the state or a general fund of a local governmental entity, whichever prosecutes.

(d) In any case involving a violation of subdivision (b) of Section 311.2, or Section 311.3 or 311.4, in lieu of the distribution of the proceeds provided for by subdivisions (b) and (c), the proceeds shall be deposited in the county children’s trust fund, established pursuant to Section 18966 of the Welfare and Institutions Code, of the county that filed the petition of forfeiture. If the county does not have a children’s trust fund, the funds shall be deposited in the State Children’s Trust Fund, established pursuant to Section 18969 of the Welfare and Institutions Code.

(e) In any case involving crimes against the state beverage container recycling program, in lieu of the distribution of proceeds provided in subdivision (c), the proceeds shall be deposited in the penalty account established pursuant to subdivision (d) of Section 14580 of the Public Resources Code, except that a portion of the proceeds equivalent to the cost of prosecution in the case shall be distributed to the local prosecuting entity that filed the petition of forfeiture.

(f) (1) In any case described in paragraph (29) or (30) of subdivision (a) of Section 186.2, or paragraph (33) of subdivision (a) of Section 186.2 where the victim is a minor, in lieu of the distribution provided for in subdivision (c), the proceeds shall be deposited in the Victim-Witness Assistance Fund to be available for appropriation to fund child sexual exploitation and child sexual abuse victim counseling centers and prevention programs under Section 13837. Fifty percent of the funds deposited in the Victim-Witness Assistance Fund pursuant to this subdivision shall be granted to community-based organizations that serve minor victims of human trafficking.

(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), any proceeds specified in paragraph (1) that would otherwise be distributed to the General Fund of the state under subdivision (c) pursuant to a paragraph in subdivision (a) of Section 186.2 other than paragraph (29) or (30) of subdivision (a) of Section 186.2, or paragraph (33) of subdivision (a) of Section 186.2 where the victim is a minor, shall, except as otherwise required by law, continue to be distributed to the General Fund of the state as specified in subdivision (c).

(g) In any case described in subparagraph (B) of paragraph (34) of subdivision (a) of Section 186.2, in lieu of the distribution provided for in subdivision (c), the proceeds shall be returned to the Employment Development Department.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 950, Sec. 2. (AB 1637) Effective September 30, 2022.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE


text:
As used in this chapter:

(a) “Conducts” includes, but is not limited to, initiating, concluding, or participating in conducting, initiating, or concluding a transaction.

(b) “Financial institution” means, when located or doing business in this state, any national bank or banking association, state bank or banking association, commercial bank or trust company organized under the laws of the United States or any state, any private bank, industrial savings bank, savings bank or thrift institution, savings and loan association, or building and loan association organized under the laws of the United States or any state, any insured institution as defined in Section 401 of the National Housing Act (12 U.S.C. Sec. 1724(a)), any credit union organized under the laws of the United States or any state, any national banking association or corporation acting under Chapter 6 (commencing with Section 601) of Title 12 of the United States Code, any agency, agent or branch of a foreign bank, any currency dealer or exchange, any person or business engaged primarily in the cashing of checks, any person or business who regularly engages in the issuing, selling, or redeeming of traveler’s checks, money orders, or similar instruments, any broker or dealer in securities registered or required to be registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or with the Commissioner of Financial Protection and Innovation under Part 3 (commencing with Section 25200) of Division 1 of Title 4 of the Corporations Code, any licensed transmitter of funds or other person or business regularly engaged in transmitting funds to a foreign nation for others, any investment banker or investment company, any insurer, any dealer in gold, silver, or platinum bullion or coins, diamonds, emeralds, rubies, or sapphires, any pawnbroker, any telegraph company, any person or business regularly engaged in the delivery, transmittal, or holding of mail or packages, any person or business that conducts a transaction involving the transfer of title to any real property, vehicle, vessel, or aircraft, any personal property broker, any person or business acting as a real property securities dealer within the meaning of Section 10237 of the Business and Professions Code, whether licensed to do so or not, any person or business acting within the meaning and scope of subdivisions (d) and (e) of Section 10131 and Section 10131.1 of the Business and Professions Code, whether licensed to do so or not, any person or business regularly engaged in gaming within the meaning and scope of Section 330, any person or business regularly engaged in pool selling or bookmaking within the meaning and scope of Section 337a, any person or business regularly engaged in horse racing whether licensed to do so or not under the Business and Professions Code, any person or business engaged in the operation of a gambling ship within the meaning and scope of Section 11317, any person or business engaged in controlled gambling within the meaning and scope of subdivision (e) of Section 19805 of the Business and Professions Code, whether registered to do so or not, and any person or business defined as a “bank,” “financial agency,” or “financial institution” by Section 5312 of Title 31 of the United States Code or Section 103.11 of Title 31 of the Code of Federal Regulations and any successor provisions thereto.

(c) “Transaction” includes the deposit, withdrawal, transfer, bailment, loan, pledge, payment, or exchange of currency, or a monetary instrument, as defined by subdivision (d), or the electronic, wire, magnetic, or manual transfer of funds between accounts by, through, or to, a financial institution as defined by subdivision (b).

(d) “Monetary instrument” means United States currency and coin; the currency, coin, and foreign bank drafts of any foreign country; payment warrants issued by the United States, this state, or any city, county, or city and county of this state or any other political subdivision thereof; any bank check, cashier’s check, traveler’s check, or money order; any personal check, stock, investment security, or negotiable instrument in bearer form or otherwise in a form in which title thereto passes upon delivery; gold, silver, or platinum bullion or coins; and diamonds, emeralds, rubies, or sapphires. Except for foreign bank drafts and federal, state, county, or city warrants, “monetary instrument” does not include personal checks made payable to the order of a named party which have not been endorsed or which bear restrictive endorsements, and also does not include personal checks which have been endorsed by the named party and deposited by the named party into the named party’s account with a financial institution.

(e) “Criminal activity” means a criminal offense punishable under the laws of this state by death, imprisonment in the state prison, or imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 or from a criminal offense committed in another jurisdiction punishable under the laws of that jurisdiction by death or imprisonment for a term exceeding one year.

(f) “Foreign bank draft” means a bank draft or check issued or made out by a foreign bank, savings and loan, casa de cambio, credit union, currency dealer or exchanger, check cashing business, money transmitter, insurance company, investment or private bank, or any other foreign financial institution that provides similar financial services, on an account in the name of the foreign bank or foreign financial institution held at a bank or other financial institution located in the United States or a territory of the United States.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 452, Sec. 203. (SB 1498) Effective January 1, 2023.)

title: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE

chapter: 10. Money Laundering

path: 7. OF CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE > 10. Money Laundering