text:
(a) Every administrator shall maintain at its principal administrative office for the duration of the written agreement referred to in Section 1759.1 and five years thereafter adequate books and records of all transactions between it, and insurers and insured persons. The books and records shall be maintained in accordance with prudent standards of insurance recordkeeping. The insurer shall retain the right to continuing access to the books and records of the administrator sufficient to permit the insurer to fulfill all of its contractual obligations to insured persons, subject to any restrictions in the written agreement between the insurer and administrator on the proprietary rights of the parties in the books and records.

(b) The commissioner shall have access to the books and records for the purpose of examination, audit, and inspection. Any information contained in the books and records, including, but not limited to, the identity and addresses of policyholders and certificateholders, shall be confidential, except the commissioner may use the information in any proceedings instituted against the administrator.

(c) The commissioner may, after notice and hearing, promulgate reasonable rules and regulations specifying the manner and type of records to be maintained by administrators.

(d) Every administrator shall keep and maintain the books and records required by this section and the regulations promulgated pursuant to this section. Failure to keep or maintain the books and records as required shall be grounds for the suspension or revocation of the certificate of registration of the administrator. The proceeding shall be conducted in accordance with Chapter 5 (commencing with Section 11500) of Part 1 of Division 3 of Title 2 of the Government Code.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1984, Ch. 563, Sec. 4.)


kind: section

code: INS

text: An administrator may use only such advertising pertaining to the business underwritten by an insurer as has been approved by such insurer in advance of its use.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 1977, Ch. 998.)

division: 1. GENERAL RULES GOVERNING INSURANCE

part: 2. THE BUSINESS OF INSURANCE

chapter: 5A. Administrators

path: 1. GENERAL RULES GOVERNING INSURANCE > 2. THE BUSINESS OF INSURANCE > 5A. Administrators


text: The agreement shall make provision with respect to the underwriting or other standards pertaining to the business underwritten by such insurer.


text: All insurance charges or premiums collected by an administrator on behalf of or for an insurer or insurers, and return premiums received from such insurer or insurers, shall be held by the administrator in a fiduciary capacity. Such funds shall be immediately remitted to the person or persons entitled thereto, or shall be deposited promptly in a fiduciary bank account established and maintained by the administrator. If charges or premiums so deposited have been collected on behalf of or for more than one insurer, the administrator shall keep records clearly recording the deposits in and withdrawals from such account on behalf of or for each insurer. The administrator shall keep copies of all such records and, upon request of an insurer, shall furnish such insurer with copies of such records pertaining to deposits and withdrawals on behalf of or for such insurer. The administrator shall not pay any claim on behalf of or for such insurer by withdrawals from such fiduciary account. Withdrawals from such account shall be made, as provided in the written agreement between the administrator and the insurer, for (1) remittance to an insurer entitled thereto; (2) deposit in an account maintained in the name of such insurer; (3) transfer to and deposit in a claims paying account, with claims on behalf of or for such insurer to be paid as provided in Section 1759. 7; (4) payment to a group policyholder for remittance to the insurer entitled thereto; (5) payment to the administrator of its commission, fees or charges; or (6) remittance of return premiums to the person or persons entitled thereto.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1978, Ch. 280.)


text: All claims paid by the administrator from funds collected on behalf of the insurer shall be paid only on checks or drafts of, or, with the consent of the insured, by an electronic funds transfer from, and as authorized by the insurer.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2009, Ch. 433, Sec. 12. (AB 328) Effective January 1, 2010.)


text: With respect to any policies where an administrator adjusts or settles claims, the compensation to the administrator with regard to such policies shall in no way be contingent on claim experience.


text: Where the services of an administrator are utilized, the administrator shall provide a written notice approved by the insurer, to insured individuals, advising them of the identity of and relationship among the administrator, the policyholder and the insurer. Where an administrator collects funds, it must identify and state separately in writing to the person paying to the administrator any charge or premium for insurance coverage the amount of any such charge or premium specified by the insurer for such insurance coverage.


text: A person shall not act as, or hold himself or herself out to be, an administrator in this state, other than an adjuster licensed in this state for the kinds of business for which he or she is acting as an administrator, unless he or she holds a certificate of registration as an administrator issued by the commissioner. The certificate shall be issued, renewed, and held in accordance with, and subject to, all the provisions applicable to a life agent contained in Article 6 (commencing with Section 1666), excluding Section 1672, Article 10 (commencing with Section 1708), Article 11 (commencing with Section 1716), and Article 13 (commencing with Section 1737), excluding Section 1741, of, and subject to the fees applicable to resident life agents as set forth in Article 14 (commencing with Section 1750) of, Chapter 5. Every administrator shall also comply with Section 1724.5.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2012, Ch. 786, Sec. 34. (AB 2303) Effective January 1, 2013.)


citation: INS § 1760

text:
(a) A home state insured, as defined in subdivision (f) of Section 1760.1, may negotiate and effect insurance to protect himself, herself, or itself against loss, damage, or liability with any nonadmitted insurer.

(b) Every home state insured that effects insurance governed by this chapter shall pay the tax imposed by Part 7.5 (commencing with Section 13201) of Division 2 of the Revenue and Taxation Code.

(c) This section shall become operative on January 1, 2018.

history: (History: Repealed (in Sec. 1) and added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 713, Sec. 2. (AB 480) Effective January 1, 2013. Section operative January 1, 2018, by its own provisions.)

chapter: 6. Surplus Line Brokers

path: 1. GENERAL RULES GOVERNING INSURANCE > 2. THE BUSINESS OF INSURANCE > 6. Surplus Line Brokers


text:
For the purposes of this chapter, the following terms have the following definitions:

(a) “Certified” means an originally signed or sealed statement, dated not more than 60 days before submission, made by a public official or other person, attached to a copy of a document, that attests that the copy is a true copy of the original, and that the original is in the custody of the person making the statement.

(b) “Commercial insured” means any person purchasing commercial insurance that, at the time of placement, meets all of the following requirements:

(1) The person employs or retains a qualified risk manager to negotiate insurance coverage.

(2) The person has paid aggregate nationwide commercial property and casualty insurance premiums in excess of one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000) in the immediately preceding 12 months.

(3) (A) The person meets at least one of the following criteria:

(i) The person possesses a net worth in excess of twenty million dollars ($20,000,000), as that amount is adjusted pursuant to subparagraph (B).

(ii) The person generates annual revenues in excess of fifty million dollars ($50,000,000), as that amount is adjusted pursuant to subparagraph (B).

(iii) The person employs more than 500 full-time or full-time equivalent employees per individual insured or is a member of an affiliated group employing more than 1,000 employees in the aggregate.

(iv) The person is a not-for-profit organization or public entity generating annual budgeted expenditures of at least thirty million dollars ($30,000,000), as that amount is adjusted pursuant to subparagraph (B).

(v) The person is a municipality with a population in excess of 50,000 persons.

(B) Effective on January 1, 2015, and each fifth January 1 occurring thereafter, the dollar amounts in subparagraph (A) shall be adjusted to reflect the percentage change for that five-year period in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the United States Department of Labor. The commissioner shall issue a bulletin to all surplus line brokers advising of any adjustments and may adopt the calculations of the NAIC or other entity in doing so.

(c) “Domiciliary jurisdiction” means the state, nation, or subdivision thereof under the laws of which an insurer is incorporated or otherwise organized.

(d) “Domiciliary state of the syndicate’s trust” means the state in which the syndicate’s trust fund is principally maintained and administered for the benefit of the syndicate’s policyholders in the United States.

(e) “Home state” means, except as provided in paragraphs (2) to (4), inclusive, any of the following, with respect to an insured or applicant:

(1) (A) The state in which the insured maintains its principal place of business or, in the case of an individual, the individual’s principal residence.

(B) If 100 percent of the insured risk is located outside the state referred to in subparagraph (A), the state to which the greatest percentage of the insured’s taxable premium for that insurance contract is allocated.

(2) “Principal place of business” means, with respect to subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) determining the home state of the insured, (A) the state where the insured maintains its headquarters and where the insured’s high-level officers direct, control, and coordinate the business activities; or (B) if the insured’s high-level officers direct, control, and coordinate the business activities in more than one state, the state in which the greatest percentage of the insured’s taxable premium for that insurance contract is allocated; or (C) if the insured maintains its headquarters or the insured’s high-level officers direct, control, and coordinate the business activities outside any state, the state to which the greatest percentage of the insured’s taxable premium for that insurance contract is allocated.

(3) “Principal residence” means, with respect to determining the home state of the insured, (A) the state where the insured resides for the greatest number of days during a calendar year; or (B) if the insured’s principal residence is located outside any state, the state to which the greatest percentage of the insured’s taxable premium for that insurance contract is allocated.

(4) Affiliated groups. If more than one insured from an affiliated group are named insureds on a single nonadmitted insurance contract, the term “home state” means the home state, as determined pursuant to subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1), of the member of the affiliated group that has the largest percentage of premium attributed to it under such insurance contract.

(f) “Home state insured” or “home state insured applicant” means a person whose home state is California and who has received a certificate or evidence of coverage as set forth in Section 1764 or a policy as issued by an eligible surplus line insurer, or a person who is an applicant therefor.

(g) “IID” means the International Insurers Department of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners.

(h) “Insurer” means, unless the context indicates otherwise, “nonadmitted” insurers that are either “foreign” or “alien” insurers, as those terms are defined in Sections 25, 27, and 1580, and syndicates whose members consist of individual incorporated insurers who are not engaged in any business other than underwriting as a member of the group and individual unincorporated insurers, provided all the members are subject to the same level of solvency regulation and control by the group’s domiciliary regulator. The term “insurer” includes all nonadmitted insurers selling insurance to or through purchasing groups as defined in the federal Liability Risk Retention Act of 1986 (15 U.S.C. Sec. 3901 et seq.) and the California Risk Retention Act of 1991 (Chapter 1.5 (commencing with Section 125) of Part 1), except insurers that are risk retention groups as defined by those acts.

(i) “ISI” means Insurance Solvency International.

(j) “Licensee” means a surplus line broker as defined in Section 47.

(k) “Multistate risk” means a risk covered by a nonadmitted insurer with insured exposures in more than one state.

(l) “NAIC” means the National Association of Insurance Commissioners or its successor organization.

(m) “Nonadmitted insurance” means any property and casualty insurance permitted to be placed directly or through a surplus line broker with a nonadmitted insurer eligible to accept such insurance.

(n) “Nonadmitted insurer” means an insurer not licensed or admitted to engage in the business of insurance in this state in conformity with Section 700; but does not include a risk retention group, as that term is defined in Sections 130(k) and 2(a)(4) of the federal Liability Risk Retention Act of 1986 (15 U.S.C. Sec. 3901(a)(4)).

(o) “Qualified risk manager” means, with respect to a policyholder of commercial insurance, a person who meets all of the following requirements:

(1) The person is an employee of, or third-party consultant retained by, the commercial policyholder.

(2) The person provides skilled services in loss prevention, loss reduction, or risk and insurance coverage analysis, and purchase of insurance.

(3) The person has any of the following:

(A) A bachelor’s degree or higher degree from an accredited college or university in risk management, business administration, finance, economics, or any other field determined by the commissioner to demonstrate minimum competence in risk management and satisfies either of the following:

(i) Has three years of experience in risk financing, claims administration, loss prevention, risk and insurance analysis, or purchasing commercial lines of insurance.

(ii) Has one of the following:

(I) A designation as a Chartered Property and Casualty Underwriter (CPCU) issued by the American Institute for CPCU and Insurance Institute of America.

(II) A designation as an Associate in Risk Management (ARM) issued by the American Institute for CPCU and Insurance Institute of America.

(III) A designation as Certified Risk Manager (CRM) issued by the National Alliance for Insurance Education and Research.

(IV) A designation as a RIMS Fellow (RF) issued by the Global Risk Management Institute.

(V) Any other designation, certification, or license determined by the commissioner to demonstrate minimum competency in risk management.

(B) At least seven years of experience in risk financing, claims administration, loss prevention, risk and insurance coverage analysis, or purchasing commercial lines of insurance, and has any one of the designations specified in subclauses (I) to (V), inclusive, of clause (ii) of subparagraph (A).

(C) At least 10 years of experience in risk financing, claims administration, loss prevention, risk and insurance coverage analysis, or purchasing commercial lines of insurance.

(D) A graduate degree from an accredited college or university in risk management, business administration, finance, economics, or any other field determined by the commissioner to demonstrate minimum competence in risk management.

(p) “State” means any state of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, the Virgin Islands, and American Samoa.

(q) “Verified” means a document or copy accompanied by an originally signed statement, dated not more than 60 days before submission, from a responsible executive or official who has authority to provide the statement and knowledge whereof he or she speaks, attesting either under oath before a notary public, or under the penalty of perjury under California law, that the assertions made in the document are true.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2012, Ch. 162, Sec. 103. (SB 1171) Effective January 1, 2013.)


text: The surplus line broker shall be responsible for determining whether an applicant for nonadmitted insurance is a California home state insured. A surplus line broker who reasonably relies on information provided in good faith by the applicant, whether directly or through the producer, shall be deemed to be in compliance with this requirement.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 2011, Ch. 83, Sec. 10. (AB 315) Effective July 15, 2011. Operative July 21, 2011, by Sec. 34 of Stats. 2011, Ch. 83.)


text:
(a) The provisions of this chapter limiting the insurance that may be placed with nonadmitted insurers and requiring any report thereof shall not apply to:

(1) Reinsurance of the liability of an admitted insurer.

(2) Insurance against perils of navigation, transit, or transportation upon hulls, freights or disbursements, or other shipowner interests; upon goods, wares, merchandise, and all other personal property and interests therein, in the course of exportation from or importation into any country, or transportation coastwise, including transportation by land or water from point of origin to final destination and including war risks; and marine builder’s risks, drydocks, and marine railways, including insurance of ship repairer’s liability, and protection and indemnity insurance, but excluding insurance covering bridges or tunnels.

(3) Aircraft or spacecraft insurance.

(4) Insurance on property or operations of railroads engaged in interstate commerce.

(b) The insurance specified in paragraphs (2), (3), and (4) of subdivision (a) may be placed with a nonadmitted insurer for a home state insured only by and through a special lines’ surplus line broker. The license of a special lines’ surplus line broker shall be applied for and procured and shall be subject to the same fees for filing on issuance in the same manner as the license of a surplus line broker, except that in lieu of the bond required by Section 1765, there shall be delivered to the commissioner a bond in the form, amounts, and conditions specified in Sections 1663 and 1665 for an insurance broker and only one fee shall be collected from one person for both licenses. The licensee in respect to the business shall be subject to all the provisions of this chapter except Sections 1761, 1763, 1765.1, 1765.2, and 1775.5.

(c) The commissioner may address to any licensed special lines’ surplus line broker a written request for full and complete information respecting the financial stability, reputation, and integrity of any nonadmitted insurer with whom the licensee has dealt or proposes to deal in the transaction of insurance specified in paragraph (2), (3), or (4) of subdivision (a). The licensee so addressed shall promptly furnish in written or printed form so much of the information requested as he or she can produce together with a signed statement identifying the same and giving reasons for omissions, if any. After due examination of the information and accompanying statement, the commissioner may, if he or she believes it to be in the public interest, order in writing the licensee to place no further insurance business for home state insureds with that nonadmitted insurer on behalf of any person. Any placement with that nonadmitted insurer made by a licensee after receipt of the order is a violation of this chapter. The commissioner may issue an order if he or she finds that a nonadmitted insurer with whom the licensee has dealt or proposes to deal in the transaction of insurance is in an unsound financial condition, is disreputable, or is lacking in integrity. The order shall also include notice of a hearing to be held at a time and place fixed therein, which shall be not less than 20 nor more than 30 days from service of the order upon the licensee.

(d) The commissioner may, in respect to business written or placed under the provisions of this section, require information and reports thereof that the commissioner considers necessary, convenient, or advisable.

(e) Each placing of insurance in violation of this chapter is a misdemeanor.

(f) The commissioner may revoke, suspend, or deny any license granted pursuant to this code in accordance with the procedure provided in Article 13 (commencing with Section 1737) of Chapter 5, or any certificate of authority granted pursuant to this code in accordance with the procedure provided in Section 704 whenever the commissioner finds that the licensee or holder of the certificate has committed a violation of this section.

(g) The premium for insurance placed by or through a special lines’ surplus line broker pursuant to this section shall not be subject to the tax imposed upon the broker based upon gross premiums paid for insurance placed under authority conferred by the license.

(h) Special lines’ surplus line brokers may advertise and solicit in conformity with Section 1773, except that they are not subject to the limitation that any nonadmitted insurer’s name appearing in the advertisements or solicitations must be eligible under Section 1765.1.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2011, Ch. 83, Sec. 11. (AB 315) Effective July 15, 2011. Operative July 21, 2011, by Sec. 34 of Stats. 2011, Ch. 83.)


text: For purposes of Section 1760.5, “spacecraft” means missiles, satellites, staffed and unstaffed space vehicles, any objects intended for launch, or objects launched or assembled in outer space, including, but not limited to, the space shuttle and any transportation, communication, information, or other system intended to be employed in outer space, together with related equipment, devices, components, and parts.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 1998, Ch. 370, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 1999.)


text: In addition to the authority granted by Section 1760.5, the commissioner has the discretion to direct special lines’ surplus line brokers to not place further business for a home state insured with an insurer whose eligibility has been withdrawn pursuant to Section 1765.1.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2011, Ch. 83, Sec. 12. (AB 315) Effective July 15, 2011. Operative July 21, 2011, by Sec. 34 of Stats. 2011, Ch. 83.)


citation: INS § 1761

text:
(a) Except as provided in Sections 1760 and 1760.5, and paragraphs (1) and (2) of subdivision (b), a person within this state shall not transact any insurance for a home state insured with nonadmitted insurers, except by and through a surplus line broker licensed under this chapter and upon the terms and conditions prescribed in this chapter.

(b) (1) An insurer domiciled in California may have common directors with an affiliated nonadmitted insurer provided these common directors do not constitute the majority of the voting authority of the nonadmitted insurer and do not perform any management functions for the nonadmitted insurer in California.

(2) An insurer domiciled in California may perform the following administrative services on behalf of an affiliated nonadmitted insurer that has qualified as an eligible surplus line insurer pursuant to Section 1765.1:

(A) Computer operations that are unrelated to the underwriting process, which may include such activities as development and maintenance of application software, databases, and servers, procurement of information technology and services, network operations, and Internet Web site development and support.

(B) Clerical and administrative staffing support, provided that this staff shall not have any contact or interaction with policyholders of the nonadmitted insurer.

(C) Human resources, provided that any decisions relating to the hiring, firing, disciplinary actions, or compensation of any employee, officer, or both, of the nonadmitted insurer shall be made directly by the nonadmitted insurer.

(D) Claims adjusting, as described in Section 14021, except that all claims notices, claims-related decisions, including those relating to setting reserves and claims acceptance, claim payments, and settlements shall be made directly by the affiliated nonadmitted insurer.

(E) Managing investments such as buying, maintaining, and selling financial investment instruments, except that decisions relating to investment goals, risk assumptions such as capital preservation and protection of investment principal, determining liquidity needs, and diversification ratios shall be made by the affiliated nonadmitted insurer.

(3) Nothing in this section permits the nonadmitted insurer to conduct any activity through its affiliate that constitutes the transaction of insurance or a violation of Section 700 or 703.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2011, Ch. 83, Sec. 13. (AB 315) Effective July 15, 2011. Operative July 21, 2011, by Sec. 34 of Stats. 2011, Ch. 83.)


citation: INS § 1762

text: For purposes of Sections 1764, 1764.1, and 1764.3, the term “certificate” means a surplus line broker certificate as defined in Section 48.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 1999, Ch. 255, Sec. 3. Effective January 1, 2000.)


citation: INS § 1763

text:
(a) A surplus line broker may solicit and place insurance for a home state insured, other than as excepted in Section 1761, with nonadmitted insurers only if that insurance cannot be procured from insurers admitted for the particular class or classes of insurance and that actually write the particular type of insurance in this state. Each surplus line broker shall be responsible to ensure that a diligent search is made among insurers that are admitted to transact and are actually writing the particular type of insurance in this state before procuring the insurance for a home state insured from a nonadmitted insurer. Each surplus line broker shall file with the commissioner or his or her designee, within 60 days of placing any insurance for a home state insured with a nonadmitted insurer, a written report that shall be kept confidential, regarding the insurance. This report shall include the name and address of the insured, verification that the insured is a home state insured, the identity of the insurer or insurers, a description of the subject and location of the risk, the amount of premium charged for the insurance, a copy of the declarations page of the policy or a copy of the surplus line broker’s certificate or binder evidencing the placement of insurance, and other pertinent information that the commissioner may reasonably require. In addition, each surplus line broker shall file a standardized form to be prescribed by the commissioner setting forth the diligent efforts to place the coverage with admitted insurers and the results of these efforts. The form shall be signed by a person licensed under this code who has made the diligent search required by this section or who supervised an unlicensed person or persons who actually conducted the search. The insurance shall not be placed with a nonadmitted insurer for the purpose of procuring a rate lower than the lowest rate that will be accepted by any admitted insurer except as provided by subdivision (c). The commissioner may make and publish reasonable rules and regulations, consistent with this chapter, in respect to transactions governed thereby and the basis or bases for his or her determinations hereunder.

(b) It shall be prima facie evidence that a diligent search among admitted insurers has been made if the standardized form filed as required by subdivision (a) establishes that three admitted insurers that actually write the particular type of insurance in this state have declined the risk, or that fewer than three admitted insurers actually write the particular type of insurance. The commissioner, or his or her designee, may review the form for the accuracy of the information provided on it, including, but not limited to, whether the listed insurers actually write that type of insurance, and whether the three insurers declined the risk. The commissioner may take disciplinary action against the person signing the form for any misrepresentation made in the form due to the negligence of or the result of an intentional act by that person or the person or persons who actually conducted the search. Those actions may include any action authorized to be taken against a licensed person by this code. Nothing in this subdivision shall preclude the commissioner or his or her designee from directing the surplus line broker to conduct a further or additional search among admitted insurers for similar placements in the future.

(c) It shall be conclusively presumed that insurance is placed in violation of this section if the insurance is actually placed with a nonadmitted insurer at a lower rate of premium or lower premium than the lowest rate of premium or the lowest premium that could be obtained from an admitted insurer unless, at the time the insurance attaches, there is filed with the commissioner a statement describing the insurance, specifying the rate and the nearest procurable rates from admitted insurers. The statement shall include an explanation of the reasons that the insurance must be placed with a nonadmitted insurer even though it is available from an admitted insurer. Unless the commissioner, or his or her designee, within five days after that filing notifies the filing broker that in his or her opinion the placing of the insurance constitutes a violation of this section, the broker may thereafter maintain in effect that insurance. If within that five-day period the commissioner notifies the surplus line broker that the insurance is in violation of this section and orders the broker to effect termination of that insurance within 10 days from the notice, and the broker fails or refuses to effect that termination, that failure or refusal is a violation of this section.

(d) Statements filed under this section are not subject to public inspection unless the commissioner determines that the public interest or the welfare of the filing broker requires that any statement be made public.

(e) For purposes of this section, “type of insurance” means the hazard or combination of hazards covered by a contract of insurance.

(f) Notwithstanding subdivision (a), this section shall not apply to insurance issued or delivered in this state to a home state insured by a nonadmitted Mexican insurer by and through a surplus line broker affording coverage exclusively in the Republic of Mexico on property located temporarily or permanently in, or operations conducted temporarily or permanently within, the Republic of Mexico.

(g) This section does not apply to the extension of coverage by a nonadmitted insurer, of or for the same risks, and to the same insured under an existing surplus lines policy. Such an extension may not exceed 90 days in the aggregate during any 12-month period. The extension may not include a change in coverage, terms, and conditions, or limits. Any additional premium charged for the extension shall be determined pro rata, based on the same rate of premium as the existing surplus lines policy.

(h) (1) The diligent search requirement set forth in subdivision (a) shall not apply to a commercial insured as defined in subdivision (b) of Section 1760.1 when both of the following occur:

(A) The surplus line broker procuring or placing the surplus line insurance has disclosed in writing to the commercial insured that surplus insurance may or may not be available from the admitted market that may provide greater protection with more regulatory oversight.

(B) The commercial insured has subsequently requested in writing that the surplus line broker procure or place surplus insurance from a nonadmitted insurer.

(2) The surplus line broker shall be responsible to ensure that the applicant is a commercial insured. A surplus line broker who reasonably relies on information provided in good faith by the applicant, whether directly or through a producer, shall be deemed to be in compliance with this requirement.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2012, Ch. 162, Sec. 104. (SB 1171) Effective January 1, 2013.)


text:
(a) The commissioner may by order declare permissible for placement for a home state insured with a nonadmitted insurer and exempt from all requirements of Section 1763 except the filing of a confidential written report, any type of insurance coverage or risk for which he or she finds, after a public hearing, that there is not a reasonable or adequate market among admitted insurers or that the type of coverage is for new, innovative products for which a reasonable or adequate market among admitted insurers has not had time to develop. The commissioner or his or her designee shall maintain an export list showing all those exempt coverages and risks. Additions to the export list may be made after a hearing, which may take place one or more times each year as deemed necessary by the commissioner. A public hearing shall be held annually or more often at the commissioner’s discretion and reasonable notice of a hearing shall be given to all interested parties including surplus line brokers, admitted insurers, trade associations representing admitted insurers, agents and brokers, and consumer groups. The hearing and findings shall not be required to be conducted in accordance with Chapter 3.5 (commencing with Section 11340) and Chapter 5 (commencing with Section 11500) of Part 1 of Division 3 of Title 2 of the Government Code. An order by the commissioner shall continue in effect until terminated by the commissioner. Where the commissioner receives written comments or testimony or otherwise determines, prior to a hearing, that a type of insurance on the export list is more available, in the admitted market, the commissioner may remove the type of insurance from the list. The permissibility of any type of insurance to remain on the list is subject to an annual affirmative finding by the commissioner, however, when written comment or testimony is received prior to a hearing, the permissibility of that type of insurance to remain on the export list shall be reviewed at the next hearing and that type of insurance may not remain on the export list without an affirmative decision by the commissioner or his or her designee that there is not a reasonable or adequate market among admitted insurers. The commissioner or his or her designee shall notify all surplus line brokers of any removal. For purposes of this section, the commissioner shall not be authorized to include on the export list as permissible for placement with a nonadmitted insurer, automobile or motor vehicle liability insurance, insurance on residential property, as defined under Section 10087, or any insurance written by the California FAIR plan.

(b) The surplus line advisory organization authorized by Chapter 6.1 (commencing with Section 1780.50) shall pay the costs for a maximum of two public hearings per year held by the commissioner or his or her designee pursuant to this section.

(c) Except for the removal of a type of insurance from the export list pursuant to subdivision (a), nothing in this section shall authorize the commissioner to declare any type of insurance impermissible for exportation.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2017, Ch. 477, Sec. 1. (AB 1641) Effective January 1, 2018.)


text:
(a) A licensed surplus line broker may originate surplus lines business, or may accept that business from any other originating licensee duly licensed for the type or types of insurance involved, and may compensate those licensees therefor.

(b) For any information involved in any insurance transaction described in subdivision (a), or involved in the eligibility of the risk for placement with a surplus line broker, the originating licensee shall use due care and diligence in the collection, preparation, and transmission of the information to the surplus line broker.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2006, Ch. 538, Sec. 457. Effective January 1, 2007.)


text:
In addition to the requirements of Section 1763, no surplus line broker shall solicit from, or place with, any nonadmitted insurer, any insurance covering private passenger automobiles if that insurance contains in whole or in part the limits of coverage provided under the California Automobile Assigned Risk Plan unless the surplus line broker, producing agent, broker, or insured has first submitted to the California Automobile Assigned Risk Plan a properly completed and executed application in accordance with the requirements of the plan for the coverage provided by the plan and the plan itself has determined that the application is ineligible for the limits of coverage applied for and so notifies the surplus line broker or insured in writing.

For purposes of this section, a private passenger automobile includes motorcycles, but does not include a fleet of five or more automobiles rated for business use and used in a business.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 1993, Ch. 1134, Sec. 1.5. Effective January 1, 1994.)


citation: INS § 1764

text:
(a) A licensed surplus line broker may issue evidence of insurance for a home state insured, including binders, covernotes, and certificates evidencing the placement of insurance with an eligible nonadmitted insurer, and with prior written authority, may issue policies of the insurer.

(b) Certificates may be issued pursuant to subdivision (a) or (b) of Section 1764.2. The certificates shall be in the name of the surplus line broker and not in the name of the nonadmitted insurer, shall be signed by the surplus line broker, and shall contain all of the matters specified in Insurance Code Section 381.

(c) Policies may only be issued pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 1764.2. The policies shall contain all of the matters specified in Section 381 and shall be countersigned by the surplus line broker.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2011, Ch. 83, Sec. 16. (AB 315) Effective July 15, 2011. Operative July 21, 2011, by Sec. 34 of Stats. 2011, Ch. 83.)


text:
(a) (1) Every nonadmitted insurer, in the case of insurance to be purchased by a home state insured pursuant to Section 1760, and surplus line broker, in the case of any insurance with a nonadmitted carrier for a home state insured to be transacted by the surplus line broker, shall be responsible to ensure that, at the time of accepting an application for an insurance policy, other than a renewal of that policy, issued by a nonadmitted insurer, the signature of the applicant on the disclosure statement set forth in subdivision (b) is obtained. In fulfillment of this responsibility, the nonadmitted insurer and the surplus line broker may rely, if it is reasonable under all the circumstances to do so, on the disclosure statement received from a licensee involved in the transaction as prima facie evidence that the disclosure statement and appropriate signature from the applicant have been obtained. The surplus line broker shall maintain a copy of the signed disclosure statement in the broker’s records for a period of at least five years. These records shall be made available to the commissioner and the insured upon request. This disclosure shall be signed by the applicant, and is not subject to a limited power of attorney agreement between the applicant and an agent or broker or a surplus line broker. The disclosure statement shall be in boldface 16-point type on a freestanding document. In addition, every policy issued by a nonadmitted insurer and every certificate evidencing the placement of insurance shall contain, or have affixed to it by the insurer or surplus line broker, the disclosure statement set forth in subdivision (b) in boldface 16-point type on the front page of the policy.

(2) In a case in which the applicant has not received and completed the signed disclosure form required by this section, the applicant may cancel the insurance so placed. The cancellation shall be on a pro rata basis as to premium, and the applicant shall be entitled to the return of any broker’s fees charged for the placement.

(b) The following notice shall be provided to home state insureds and home state insured applicants for insurance as provided by subdivision (a), and shall be printed in English and in the language principally used by the surplus line broker and nonadmitted insurer to advertise, solicit, or negotiate the sale and purchase of surplus line insurance. The surplus line broker and nonadmitted insurer shall use the appropriate bracketed language for application and issued policy disclosures:

“IMPORTANT NOTICE:

1. The insurance policy that you [have purchased] [are applying to purchase] is being issued by an insurer that is not licensed by the State of California. These companies are called “nonadmitted” or “surplus line” insurers.

2. The insurer is not subject to the financial solvency regulation and enforcement that apply to California licensed insurers.

3. The insurer does not participate in any of the insurance guarantee funds created by California law. Therefore, these funds will not pay your claims or protect your assets if the insurer becomes insolvent and is unable to make payments as promised.

4. The insurer should be licensed either as a foreign insurer in another state in the United States or as a non-United States (alien) insurer. You should ask questions of your insurance agent, broker, or “surplus line” broker or contact the California Department of Insurance at the toll-free number 1-800-927-4357 or internet website www.insurance.ca.gov. Ask whether or not the insurer is licensed as a foreign or non-United States (alien) insurer and for additional information about the insurer. You may also visit the NAIC’s internet website at www.naic.org. The NAIC—the National Association of Insurance Commissioners—is the regulatory support organization created and governed by the chief insurance regulators in the United States.

5. Foreign insurers should be licensed by a state in the United States and you may contact that state’s department of insurance to obtain more information about that insurer. You can find a link to each state from this NAIC internet website: https://naic.org/state_web_map.htm.

6. For non-United States (alien) insurers, the insurer should be licensed by a country outside of the United States and should be on the NAIC’s International Insurers Department (IID) listing of approved nonadmitted non-United States insurers. Ask your agent, broker, or “surplus line” broker to obtain more information about that insurer.

7. California maintains a “List of Approved Surplus Line Insurers (LASLI).” Ask your agent or broker if the insurer is on that list, or view that list at the internet website of the California Department of Insurance: www.insurance.ca.gov/01-consumers/120-company/07-lasli/lasli.cfm.

8. If you, as the applicant, required that the insurance policy you have purchased be effective immediately, either because existing coverage was going to lapse within two business days or because you were required to have coverage within two business days, and you did not receive this disclosure form and a request for your signature until after coverage became effective, you have the right to cancel this policy within five days of receiving this disclosure. If you cancel coverage, the premium will be prorated and any broker’s fee charged for this insurance will be returned to you.” (c) When a contract is issued to an industrial insured, neither the nonadmitted insurer nor the surplus line broker is required to provide the notice required in this section except on the confirmation of insurance, the certificate of placement, or the policy, whichever is first provided to the insured, nor is the insurer or surplus line broker required to obtain the insured’s signature. The producer shall ensure that the notice affixed to the confirmation of insurance, certificate of placement, or the policy is provided to the insured. The producer shall insert the current toll-free telephone number of the Department of Insurance as provided in paragraph 4 of the notice.

(1) An industrial insured is an insured that does both of the following:

(A) Employs at least 25 employees on average during the prior 12 months.

(B) Has aggregate annual premiums for insurance for all risks other than workers’ compensation and health coverage totaling no less than twenty-five thousand dollars ($25,000) or obtains insurance through the services of a full-time employee acting as an insurance manager or a continuously retained insurance consultant. A “continuously retained insurance consultant” does not include: (i) an agent or broker through whom the insurance is being placed, (ii) a subagent or subproducer involved in the transaction, or (iii) an agent or broker that is a business organization employing or contracting with a person mentioned in clauses (i) and (ii).

(2) The surplus line broker shall be responsible for ensuring that the applicant is an industrial insured. A surplus line broker who reasonably relies on information provided in good faith by the applicant, whether directly or through the producer, shall be deemed to be in compliance with this requirement.

(d) For purposes of compliance with the requirement of subdivision (a) that the signature of the applicant be obtained, the following shall apply:

(1) If the insurance transaction is not conducted at an in-person, face-to-face meeting, the applicant’s signature on the disclosure form may be transmitted by the applicant to the agent or broker via facsimile or comparable electronic transmittal.

(2) In the case of commercial lines coverage, or personal insurance coverage subject to Section 675 and any umbrella coverage associated therewith, where an applicant requires that insurance coverage be bound immediately, either because existing coverage will lapse within two business days of the time the insurance is bound or because the applicant is required to have coverage in place within two business days, and the applicant cannot meet in person with the agent or broker to sign the disclosure form, the agent or broker may obtain the signature of the applicant within five days of binding coverage, provided that the applicant may cancel the insurance so placed within five days of receiving the disclosure form from the agent or broker. The cancellation shall be on a pro rata basis, and the applicant shall be entitled to the rescission or return of any broker’s fees charged for the placement. When a policy is canceled, the broker shall inform the applicant that the broker’s fee must be returned and that the premium must be prorated.

(e) Notwithstanding subdivision (a), this section shall not apply to insurance issued or delivered in this state by a nonadmitted Mexican insurer by and through a surplus line broker affording coverage exclusively in the Republic of Mexico on property located temporarily or permanently in, or operations conducted temporarily or permanently within, the Republic of Mexico.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2019, Ch. 201, Sec. 9. (AB 1813) Effective January 1, 2020.)


text:
No surplus line broker shall issue any evidence of insurance or cause or purport to cause any risk to be insured by a nonadmitted insurer or advise any home state insured or home state insured applicant for insurance that coverage has been or will be obtained from a nonadmitted insurer unless:

(a) The broker has prior written authority from the nonadmitted insurer to cause the risk to be insured;

(b) The broker has received advice in the ordinary course of business that the coverage has been obtained; or

(c) A policy of insurance covering the insured for the risk has actually been issued by the nonadmitted insurer and delivered to the insured or his or her representative.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2011, Ch. 83, Sec. 18. (AB 315) Effective July 15, 2011. Operative July 21, 2011, by Sec. 34 of Stats. 2011, Ch. 83.)


text:
If the surplus line broker acts in reliance on advice received in accordance with subdivision (b) of Section 1764.2, the broker shall deliver the policy to the home state insured or his or her representative, and, if the delivery is not made within 30 days after the date of the issuance of the certificate or upon which the risk has been bound or the home state insured or the home state insured applicant has been advised that coverage has been or will be obtained, he or she shall deliver to the insured either of the following:

(a) A photostatic copy of evidence that the insurance has been bound.

(b) If the nonadmitted insurer is located outside the United States, a cover note, placing slip, or similar document evidencing coverage issued or certified to by any broker located outside the United States who actually placed that insurance with the nonadmitted insurer.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2011, Ch. 83, Sec. 19. (AB 315) Effective July 15, 2011. Operative July 21, 2011, by Sec. 34 of Stats. 2011, Ch. 83.)


text: The prior written authority, policy of insurance or copy of evidence that insurance has been bound referred to in Section 1764.2, shall contain authentication by all persons assuming any risk of loss, and, if there is more than one such person, both it and any document issued or certified by the placing broker pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 1764.3 , shall contain a specification of whether their obligation is joint or several, and if the latter, the proportion of the obligation assumed by each person.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1982, Ch. 454, Sec. 103.)


text: If insurance results from a transaction in which any provision of Sections 1764.2 to 1764.4 is violated, such insurance is subject to cancellation by the insured or by order of the commissioner. Such cancellation shall be without penalty to the insured.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 1953, Ch. 467.)


text: Any person who willfully violates Section 1760.5, 1761, 1763, 1764, 1764.1, 1764.2, 1764.3, 1764.4, 1765.1, 1765.2, 1767, or 1780 is guilty of a public offense and punishable by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 of the Penal Code, or in a county jail for not exceeding one year or by fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2011, Ch. 15, Sec. 210. (AB 109) Effective April 4, 2011. Operative October 1, 2011, by Sec. 636 of Ch. 15, as amended by Stats. 2011, Ch. 39, Sec. 68.)


citation: INS § 1765

text:
(a) A license under this chapter shall be applied for and renewed by the filing with the commissioner of a written application therefor, in accordance with Section 1652.

(b) Subject to subdivision (f), the commissioner shall issue a license authorizing any applicant who is trustworthy and competent to transact an insurance brokerage business in a manner as to safeguard the interest of the insured, to act as a surplus line broker from the date of the license until the expiration date specified in Section 1630.

(c) An applicant for a surplus line broker’s license shall, as part of the application and a condition of the issuance of the license, file a bond to the people of the State of California in the sum of fifty thousand dollars ($50,000), conditioned that the licensee will fully and faithfully comply with the requirements of this chapter, and all applicable provisions of this code. The bond shall be subject to Sections 1662 and 1663. A surplus line broker bond is not required for an individual licensed as a surplus line broker who transacts only on behalf of a licensed surplus line broker organization.

(d) Every applicant for a business entity license, as provided in subdivision (a) of Section 1765.2, shall provide the names of all persons who may exercise the power and perform the duties under the license. Whenever an organization licensed as a surplus line broker desires to change, remove, or add to the natural person or persons who are to transact insurance under authority of its license, it shall immediately file an application or notice with the commissioner for an endorsement changing its license accordingly, on a form prescribed by the commissioner. The fee for adding or removing from any surplus line broker’s license issued to an organization the name of any natural person, named thereon, shall be twenty-nine dollars ($29). The commissioner shall require that the qualifying examination provided by subdivision (a) of Section 1676 be taken by any natural person named by the organization to exercise its agency or brokerage powers who would be required to take and pass the qualifying examination. That natural person or persons and the organization are in all other respects subject to the provisions of this chapter and the insurance laws.

(e) The department is authorized to collect additional license fees resulting from the increases in license fees provided by Chapter 29 of the Statutes of 2008 and shall credit any overpayment resulting from reductions in license fees provided by that act.

(f) A business entity licensed under this chapter shall provide two hours of appropriate training to its employees who solicit, negotiate, or effect insurance coverage placed by a nonadmitted insurer. The training shall be given to each eligible employee every five years. The surplus line advisory organization authorized pursuant to Chapter 6.1 (commencing with Section 1780.50) shall develop the curriculum for the training.

(g) The license shall be renewed in accordance with, and subject to, Sections 1717, 1718, 1719, and 1720.

(h) The commissioner may deny, suspend, or revoke any license applied for or granted pursuant to this chapter on all or any one of the grounds and in accordance with the procedures provided in Article 6 (commencing with Section 1666) and Article 13 (commencing with Section 1737) of Chapter 5, whenever the commissioner finds that the applicant or licensee has committed a violation of any provision of this code.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2017, Ch. 534, Sec. 46. (AB 1699) Effective January 1, 2018.)


text:
No surplus line broker shall place any coverage with a nonadmitted insurer for a home state insured unless the insurer is domiciled in the Republic of Mexico and the placement covers only liability arising out of the ownership, maintenance, or use of a motor vehicle, aircraft, or boat in the Republic of Mexico, or, at the time of placement, the nonadmitted insurer meets the requirements of either subdivision (a) or (b):

(a) If the insurer is domiciled in one of the states of the United States or its territories as defined in subdivision (o) of Section 1760.1:

(1) Is licensed to write the type of insurance in its domiciliary jurisdiction; and

(2) (A) Has capital and surplus that together total forty-five million dollars ($45,000,000).

(B) The requirements of subparagraph (A) may be satisfied by an insurer possessing less than forty-five million dollars ($45,000,000) upon an affirmative finding of acceptability by the commissioner. The finding shall be based upon factors such as quality of management, capital and surplus of any parent company, company underwriting profit and investment income trends, market availability, and company record and reputation within the industry. The commissioner is prohibited from making an affirmative finding of acceptability when the foreign insurer’s capital and surplus is less than four million five hundred thousand dollars ($4,500,000); or

(C) If a foreign insurer that was listed as an eligible surplus line insurer as of January 1, 2011, and did not have the forty-five million dollars ($45,000,000) of capital and surplus as of January 1, 2011, that insurer shall have at least thirty million dollars ($30,000,000) of capital and surplus as of December 31, 2011, and at least forty-five million dollars ($45,000,000) of capital and surplus as of December 31, 2013.

(b) If the insurer is not domiciled in one of the states of the United States or its territories as defined in subdivision (o) of Section 1760.1, the insurer is listed on the Quarterly Listing of Alien Insurers maintained by the NAIC International Insurers Department (IID) and is licensed as an insurer in its domiciliary jurisdiction.

(c) If at any time the commissioner determines that an insurer is no longer eligible pursuant to subdivision (a) or (b), the commissioner may issue an order without prior notice and hearing. At the time an order is issued pursuant to this subdivision to an insurer, the commissioner shall notify all surplus line brokers of the order.

(d) The commissioner may require, at least annually, the submission of records and statements as are reasonably necessary to ensure that the requirements of this section are maintained.

(e) The commissioner shall establish by regulation a schedule of fees to cover costs of administering and enforcing this chapter.

(f) (1) Insurance may be placed on a limited basis with insurers not eligible pursuant to this section if all of the following conditions are met:

(A) The use of multiple insurers is necessary to obtain coverage for 100 percent of the risk.

(B) At least 80 percent of the risk is placed with admitted insurers or insurers that are eligible nonadmitted insurers.

(C) The placing surplus line broker submits to the commissioner, or his or her designee, copies of all documentation relied upon by the surplus line broker to make the broker’s determination that the financial stability, reputation, and integrity of the ineligible insurer or insurers, are adequate to safeguard the interest of the insured under the policy. This documentation, and any other documentation regarding the ineligible insurer requested by the commissioner, shall be submitted no more than 30 days after the insurance is placed with the unlisted insurer for the initial placement by that broker with the particular ineligible insurer, and annually thereafter for as long as the broker continues to make placements with the ineligible insurer pursuant to this paragraph.

(D) The insured has aggregate annual premiums for all risks other than workers’ compensation or health coverage totaling no less than one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000).

(2) Insurance may not be placed pursuant to paragraph (1) if any of the following applies:

(A) The ineligible insurer has for any reason been objected to by the commissioner pursuant to this section or has become ineligible.

(B) The insurance includes coverage for employer-sponsored medical, surgical, hospital, or other health or medical expense benefits payable to the employee by the insurer.

(C) The insurance is mandatory under the laws of the federal government, this state, or any political subdivision thereof, and includes any portion of limits of coverage mandated by those laws.

(D) The insured is a multiple employer welfare arrangement, as defined in Section 1002(40)(A) of Title 29 of the United States Code, or any other arrangement among two or more employers that are not under common ownership or control, which is established or maintained for the primary purpose of providing insurance benefits to the employees of two or more employers.

(E) Ineligible insurers represent a disproportionate portion of the lower layers of the coverage.

(3) Nothing in this section is intended to alter any duties of a surplus line broker pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 1765 or other laws of this state to safeguard the interests of the insured under the policy in recommending or placing insurance with a nonadmitted insurer.

(4) Placements authorized by this subdivision are intended to provide sophisticated insurance purchasers with a means to obtain necessary commercial insurance coverage from nonadmitted insurers that are not eligible in situations where it is not commercially possible to fully obtain that coverage from either admitted or eligible insurers. This subdivision shall not be deemed to permit surplus line brokers to place with nonadmitted insurers common commercial or personal line coverages for insureds that can be placed with insurers that are admitted or eligible pursuant to this section, whether the insured is an individual insured, or a group created primarily for the purpose of purchasing insurance.

(g) With respect to a nonadmitted insurer that is listed as an eligible surplus line insurer as of July 21, 2011, pursuant to the former Section 1765.1 as it read prior to July 21, 2011, this section shall not be effective until the subsequent expiration of the policies of that insurer in effect on July 21, 2011. Nothing in the bill that amended this section during the 2011 portion of the 2011–12 Regular Session is intended to repeal or imply there is not authority to adopt, or to have adopted, or to continue in force, any regulation, or part thereof, with respect to surplus line insurance, which is not clearly inconsistent with it.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2012, Ch. 786, Sec. 35. (AB 2303) Effective January 1, 2013.)


text:
A surplus line broker may place any coverage with a California-approved nonadmitted insurer if the insurer is domiciled in the Republic of Mexico and the placement covers only liability arising out of the ownership, maintenance, or use of a motor vehicle, aircraft, or boat in the Republic of Mexico, or if, at the time of placement, the nonadmitted insurer meets the following requirements:

(a) (1) Has established its financial stability, reputation, and integrity, for the class of insurance the broker proposes to place, by satisfactory evidence submitted to the commissioner through a surplus line broker.

(2) Meets one of the following requirements with respect to its financial stability:

(A) Has capital and surplus that together total at least forty-five million dollars ($45,000,000). “Capital” shall be as defined in Section 36. “Surplus” shall be defined as assets exceeding the sum of liabilities for losses reported, expenses, taxes, and all other indebtedness and reinsurance of outstanding risks as provided by law and paid-in capital in the case of an insurer issuing or having outstanding shares of capital stock. The type of assets to be used in calculating capital and surplus shall be as follows: at least twenty-five million dollars ($25,000,000) shall be in the form of cash, or securities of the same character and quality as specified in Sections 1170 to 1182, inclusive, or in readily marketable securities listed on regulated United States’ national or principal regional securities exchanges. The remaining assets shall be in the form just described or in the form of investments of substantially the same character and quality as described in Sections 1190 to 1202, inclusive. In calculating capital and surplus under this section, the term “same character and quality” shall permit, but not require, the commissioner to approve assets maintained in accordance with the laws of another state or country. The commissioner shall be guided by the limitations, restrictions, or other requirements of this code or the National Association of Insurance Commissioners’ Accounting Practices and Procedures Manual in determining whether assets substantially similar to those described in Sections 1190 to 1202, inclusive, qualify. The commissioner shall retain the discretion to disapprove or disallow an asset that is not of a sound quality, or that he or she deems to create an unacceptable risk of loss to the insurer or to policyholders. Letters of credit shall not qualify as assets in the calculation of surplus. If capital and surplus together total less than forty-five million dollars ($45,000,000), the commissioner has affirmatively found that the capital and surplus are adequate to protect California policyholders. The commissioner shall consider, on determining whether to make this finding, factors such as quality of management, the capital and surplus of a parent company, the underwriting profit and investment income trends, and the record of claims payment and claims handling practices of the nonadmitted insurer.

(B) In the case of an “Insurance Exchange” created and authorized under the laws of individual states, maintains capital and surplus of not less than fifty million dollars ($50,000,000) in the aggregate. “Capital” shall be as defined in Section 36. “Surplus” shall be defined as assets exceeding the sum of liabilities for losses reported, expenses, taxes, and all other indebtedness and reinsurance of outstanding risks as provided by law and paid-in capital in the case of an insurer issuing or having outstanding shares of capital stock. The type of assets to be used in calculating capital and surplus shall be as follows: at least twenty-five million dollars ($25,000,000) shall be in the form of cash, or securities of the same character and quality as specified in Sections 1170 to 1182, inclusive, or in readily marketable securities listed on regulated United States’ national or principal regional securities exchanges. The remaining assets shall be in the form just described or in the form of investments of substantially the same character and quality as described in Sections 1190 to 1202, inclusive. In calculating capital and surplus under this section, the term “same character and quality” shall permit, but not require, the commissioner to approve assets maintained in accordance with the laws of another state or country. The commissioner shall be guided by the limitations, restrictions, or other requirements of this code or the National Association of Insurance Commissioners’ Accounting Practices and Procedures Manual in determining whether assets substantially similar to those described in Sections 1190 to 1202, inclusive, qualify. The commissioner shall retain the discretion to disapprove or disallow an asset that is not of a sound quality, or that he or she deems to create an unacceptable risk of loss to the insurer or to policyholders. Letters of credit shall not qualify as assets in the calculation of surplus. Each individual syndicate seeking to accept surplus line placements of risks resident, located, or to be performed in this state shall maintain minimum capital and surplus of not less than six million four hundred thousand dollars ($6,400,000). Each individual syndicate shall increase the capital and surplus required by this paragraph by one million dollars ($1,000,000) each year until it attains a capital and surplus of forty-five million dollars ($45,000,000).

(C) In the case of a syndicate that is part of a group consisting of incorporated individual insurers, or a combination of both incorporated and unincorporated insurers, that at all times maintains a trust fund of not less than one hundred million dollars ($100,000,000) in a qualified United States financial institution as security to the full amount thereof for the United States surplus line policyholders and beneficiaries of direct policies of the group, including all policyholders and beneficiaries of direct policies of the syndicate, and the full balance in the trust fund is available to satisfy the liabilities of each member of the group of those syndicates, incorporated individual insurers or other unincorporated insurers, without regard to their individual contributions to that trust fund, and the trust complies with the terms of and conditions specified in paragraph (1) of subdivision (b), the syndicate is excepted from the capital and surplus requirements of subparagraph (A). The incorporated members of the group shall not be engaged in any business other than underwriting as a member of the group and shall be subject to the same level of solvency regulation and control by the group’s domiciliary regulator as are the unincorporated members.

(b) (1) In addition, to be approved as a surplus line insurer, an insurer not domiciled in one of the United States or its territories shall have in force in the United States an irrevocable trust account in a qualified United States financial institution, for the protection of United States policyholders, of not less than five million four hundred thousand dollars ($5,400,000) and consisting of cash, securities acceptable to the commissioner that are authorized pursuant to Sections 1170 to 1182, inclusive, readily marketable securities acceptable to the commissioner that are listed on a regulated United States national or principal regional security exchange, or clean and irrevocable letters of credit acceptable to the commissioner and issued by a qualified United States financial institution. The trust agreement shall be in a form acceptable to the commissioner. The funds in the trust account may be included in any calculation of capital and surplus, except letters of credit, which shall not be included in the calculation.

(2) In the case of a syndicate seeking approval under subparagraph (C) of paragraph (2) of subdivision (a), the syndicate shall, in addition to the requirements of that subparagraph, at a minimum, maintain in the United States a trust account in an amount satisfactory to the commissioner that is not less than the amount required by the domiciliary state of the syndicate’s trust. The trust account shall comply with the terms and conditions specified in paragraph (1).

(3) In the case of a group of incorporated insurers under common administration that maintains a trust fund of not less than one hundred million dollars ($100,000,000) in a qualified United States financial institution for the payment of claims of its United States policyholders, their assigns, or successors in interest and that complies with the terms and conditions of paragraph (1) that has continuously transacted an insurance business outside the United States for at least three years, that is in good standing with its domiciliary regulator, whose individual insurer members maintain standards and a financial condition reasonably comparable to admitted insurers, that submits to this state’s authority to examine its books and bears the expense of examination, and that has an aggregate policyholder surplus of ten billion dollars ($10,000,000,000), the group is excepted from the capital and surplus requirements of subdivision (a).

(c) Unless available from the NAIC or other public source, has caused to be provided to the commissioner the following documents:

(1) The financial documents as specified below, each showing the insurer’s condition as of a date not more than 12 months prior to submission:

(A) A copy of an annual statement, prepared in the form prescribed by the NAIC. For an alien insurer, in lieu of an annual statement, a licensee may submit a form as set forth by regulation and as prepared by the insurer, and, if listed by the IID, a copy of the complete information as required in the application for listing by the IID.

(B) A copy of an audited financial report on the insurer’s condition that meets the standards of subparagraph (D) for foreign insurers or subparagraph (E) for alien insurers.

(C) If the insurer is an alien:

(i) A certified copy of the trust agreement referenced in subdivision (b).

(ii) A verified copy of the most recent quarterly statement or list of the assets in the trust.

(D) Financial reports filed pursuant to this section by foreign insurers shall conform to the following standards:

(i) Financial documents shall be certified.

(ii) An audited financial report shall constitute a supplement to the insurer’s annual statement, as required by the annual statement instructions issued by the NAIC.

(iii) An audited financial report shall be prepared by an independent certified public accountant or accounting firm in good standing with the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and in all states where licensed to practice; and be prepared in conformity with statutory accounting practices prescribed, or otherwise permitted, by the insurance regulator of the insurer’s domiciliary jurisdiction.

(iv) An audited financial report shall include information on the insurer’s financial position as of the end of the most recent calendar year, and the results of its operations, cashflows, and changes in capital and surplus for the year then ended.

(v) An audited financial report shall be prepared in a form and using language and groupings substantially the same as the relevant sections of the insurer’s annual statement filed with its domiciliary jurisdiction, and presenting comparatively the amounts as of December 31 of the most recent calendar year and the amounts as of December 31 of the preceding year.

(E) Financial reports filed pursuant to this section by alien insurers shall conform to the following standards:

(i) Except as provided in clause (ii) of subparagraph (C), financial documents should be certified. If certification of a financial document is not available, the document shall be verified.

(ii) Financial documents should be expressed in United States dollars, but may be expressed in another currency, if the exchange rate for the other currency as of the date of the document is also provided.

(iii) The responses provided pursuant to subparagraph (A) on the form submitted in lieu of an annual statement should follow the most recent Insurance Solvency International Guide to Alien Reporting Format, “Standard Definitions of Accounting Items.” Responses that do not agree with a standard definition shall be fully explained in the form.

(iv) An audited financial report shall be prepared by an independent licensed auditor in the insurer’s domiciliary jurisdiction or in any state.

(v) An audited financial report shall be prepared in accord with either (I) Generally Accepted Auditing Standards that prescribe Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, or (II) International Accounting Standards as published and revised from time to time by the International Auditing Guidelines published by the International Auditing Practice Committee of the International Federation of Accountants, and shall include financial statement notes and a summary of significant accounting practices.

(F) The commissioner may accept, in lieu of a document described above, a certified or verified financial or regulatory document, statement, or report if the commissioner finds that it possesses reliability and financial detail substantially equal to or greater than the document for which it is proposed to be a substitute.

(G) If one of the financial documents required to be submitted under subparagraphs (A) and (B) is dated within 12 months of submission, but the other document is not so dated, the licensee may use the outdated document if it is accompanied by a supplement. The supplement must meet the same requirements that apply to the supplemented document and must update the outdated document to a date within the prescribed time period, preferably to the same date as the nonsupplemented document.

(2) A certified copy of the insurer’s license issued by its domiciliary jurisdiction, plus a certification of good standing, certificate of compliance, or other equivalent certificate, from either that jurisdiction or, if the jurisdiction does not issue those certificates, from a state where it is licensed.

(3) Information on the insurer’s agent in California for service of process, including the agent’s full name and address. The agent’s address must include a street address where the agent can be reached during normal business hours.

(4) The complete street address, mailing address, and telephone number of the insurer’s principal place of business.

(5) A certified or verified explanation, report, or other statement from the insurance regulatory office or official of the insurer’s domiciliary jurisdiction concerning the insurer’s record regarding market conduct and consumer complaints, or, if that information cannot be obtained from that jurisdiction, then any other information that the licensee can procure to demonstrate a good reputation for payment of claims and treatment of policyholders.

(6) A verified statement, from the insurer or licensee, on whether the insurer or an affiliated entity is currently known to be the subject of an order or proceeding regarding conservation, liquidation, or other receivership; or regarding revocation or suspension of a license to transact insurance in any jurisdiction; or otherwise seeking to stop the insurer from transacting insurance in any jurisdiction. The statement shall identify the proceeding by date, jurisdiction, and relief or sanction sought, and shall attach a copy of the relevant order.

(7) A certified copy of the most recent report of examination or an explanation if the report is not available.

(8) A list of all California surplus line brokers authorized by the insurer to issue policies on its behalf, and any additions to or deletions from that list.

(d) (1) Has provided additional information or documentation required by the commissioner that is relevant to the financial stability, reputation, and integrity of the nonadmitted insurer. In making a determination concerning financial stability, reputation, and integrity of the nonadmitted insurer, the commissioner shall consider any analyses, findings, or conclusions made by the NAIC in its review of the insurer for purposes of inclusion on or exclusion from the list of authorized nonadmitted insurers maintained by the NAIC. The commissioner may, but shall not be required to, rely on, adopt, or otherwise accept any analyses, findings, or conclusions of the NAIC, as the commissioner deems appropriate. In the case of a syndicate seeking eligibility under subparagraph (C) of paragraph (2) of subdivision (a), the commissioner may, but shall not be required to, rely on, adopt, or otherwise accept any analyses, findings, or conclusions of a state, as the commissioner deems appropriate, as long as that state, in its method of regulation and review, meets the requirements of paragraph (2).

(2) The regulatory body of the state shall regularly receive and review the following: (A) an audited financial statement of the syndicate, prepared by a certified or chartered public accountant; (B) an opinion of a qualified actuary with regard to the syndicate’s aggregate reserves for payment of losses or claims and payment of expenses of adjustment or settlement of losses or claims; (C) a certification from the qualified United States financial institution that acts as the syndicate’s trustee, respecting the existence and value of the syndicate’s trust fund; and (D) information concerning the syndicate’s or its manager’s operating history, business plan, ownership and control, experience, and ability, together with any other pertinent factors, and any information indicating that the syndicate or its manager make reasonably prompt payment of claims in this state or elsewhere. The regulatory body of the state shall have the authority, either by law or through the operation of a valid and enforceable agreement, to review the syndicate’s assets and liabilities and audit the syndicate’s trust account, and shall exercise that authority with a frequency and in a manner satisfactory to the commissioner.

(e) Has established that:

(1) All documents required by subdivisions (c) and (d) have been filed. Each of the documents appear after review to be complete, clear, comprehensible, unambiguous, accurate, and consistent.

(2) The documents affirm that the insurer is not subject in any jurisdiction to an order or proceeding that:

(A) Seeks to stop it from transacting insurance.

(B) Relates to conservation, liquidation, or other receivership.

(C) Relates to revocation or suspension of its license.

(3) The documents affirm that the insurer has actively transacted insurance for the three years immediately preceding the filing made under this section, unless an exemption is granted. As used in this paragraph, “insurer” does not include a syndicate of underwriting entities. The commissioner may grant an exemption if the licensee has applied for exemption and demonstrates either of the following:

(A) The insurer meets the condition for any exception set forth in subdivision (a), (b), or (c) of Section 716.

(B) If the insurer has been actively transacting insurance for at least 12 months, and the licensee demonstrates that the exemption is warranted because the insurer’s current financial strength, operating history, business plan, ownership and control, management experience, and ability, together with any other pertinent factors, make three years of active insurance transaction unnecessary to establish sufficient reputation.

(4) The documents confirm that the insurer holds a license to issue insurance policies, other than reinsurance, to residents of the jurisdiction that granted the license unless an exemption is granted. The commissioner may grant an exemption if the licensee has applied for an exemption and demonstrates that the exemption is warranted because the insurer proposes to issue in California only commercial coverage, and is wholly owned and actually controlled by substantial and knowledgeable business enterprises that are its policyholders and that effectively govern the insurer’s destiny in furtherance of their own business objectives.

(5) The information filed pursuant to paragraph (5) of subdivision (c) or otherwise filed with or available to the commissioner, including reports received from California policyholders, shall indicate that the insurer makes reasonably prompt payment of claims in this state or elsewhere.

(6) The information available to the commissioner shall not indicate that the insurer offers in California a licensee products or rates that violate any provision of this code.

(f) Has been placed on the list of approved surplus line insurers by the commissioner. The commissioner shall establish a list of all surplus line insurers that have met the requirements of subdivisions (a) to (e), inclusive, and shall publish a master list at least semiannually. An insurer receiving approval as an approved surplus line insurer shall be added by addendum to the list at the time of approval, and shall be incorporated into the master list at the next date of publication. If an insurer appears on the most recent list, it shall be presumed that the insurer is an approved surplus line insurer, unless the commissioner or his or her designee has mailed or causes to be mailed notice to all surplus line brokers that the commissioner has withdrawn the insurer’s approval. Upon receipt of notice, the surplus line broker shall no longer advertise that the insurer is approved. Nothing in this subdivision shall limit the commissioner’s discretion to withdraw an insurer’s approval.

(g) (1) Except as provided by paragraph (2), whenever the commissioner has reasonable cause to believe, and determines after a public hearing, that an insurer on the list established pursuant to subdivision (f), (A) is in an unsound financial condition, (B) does not meet the approval requirements under subdivisions (a) to (e), inclusive, (C) has violated the laws of this state, or (D) without justification, or with a frequency so as to indicate a general business practice, delays the payment of just claims, the commissioner may issue an order removing the insurer from the list. Notice of hearing shall be served upon the insurer or its agent for service of process stating the time and place of the hearing and the conduct, condition, or ground upon which the commissioner would make his or her order. The hearing shall occur not less than 20 days, nor more than 30 days, after notice is served upon the insurer or its agent for service of process.

(2) If the commissioner determines that an insurer’s immediate removal from the list is necessary to protect the public or a home state insured or home state insured applicant of the insurer, or, in the case of an application by an insurer to be placed on the list that is being denied by the commissioner, the commissioner may issue an order pursuant to paragraph (1) without prior notice and hearing. At the time an order is served pursuant to this paragraph to an insurer on the list, the commissioner shall also issue and serve upon the insurer a statement of the reasons that immediate removal is necessary. An order issued pursuant to this paragraph shall include a notice stating the time and place of a hearing on the order, which shall be not less than 20 days, nor more than 30 days, after the notice is served.

(3) Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), in a case where the commissioner is basing a decision to remove an insurer from the list, or deny an application to be placed on the list, on the failure of the insurer or applicant to comply with, meet, or maintain any of the objective criteria established by this section, or by regulation adopted pursuant to this section, the commissioner may specify this fact in the order, and a hearing shall not be required to be held on the order.

(4) Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), the commissioner may, without prior notice or hearing, remove from the list established pursuant to subdivision (f) an insurer that has failed or refused to timely provide documents required by this section, or regulations adopted to implement this section. In the case of removal pursuant to this paragraph, the commissioner shall notify all surplus line brokers of the action.

(h) In addition to other statements or reports required by this chapter, the commissioner may also address to a licensee a written request for full and complete information respecting the financial stability, reputation, and integrity of a nonadmitted insurer with whom the licensee has dealt or proposes to deal in the transaction of insurance business with a home state insured. The licensee so addressed shall promptly furnish in written or printed form so much of the information requested as he or she can produce, together with a signed statement identifying the same and giving reasons for omissions, if any. After due examination of the information and accompanying statement, the commissioner may, if he or she believes it to be in the public interest, advise the licensee in writing that the insurer does not qualify as an approved insurer. Any placement in the nonadmitted insurer made by a licensee after receipt of that advisement shall be accompanied by a copy of the advisement. The commissioner may issue an advisement when documents submitted pursuant to subdivisions (c) and (d) do not meet the criteria of subdivisions (a) to (e), inclusive, or when the commissioner obtains documents on an insurer and the insurer does not meet the criteria of subdivisions (a) to (e), inclusive, and shall be authorized to not include or remove that insurer from the List of Approved Surplus Line Insurers.

(i) The commissioner shall require, at least annually, the submission of records and statements reasonably necessary to ensure that the requirements of this section are maintained.

(j) The schedule of fees to cover the costs of administering and enforcing this chapter are as follows:

(1) Initial application, six thousand one hundred thirteen dollars ($6,113).

(2) Renewal application, three thousand fifty-seven dollars ($3,057).

(3) Financial update, three hundred forty-one dollars ($341).

(4) Nonfinancial update, fifty dollars ($50).

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2017, Ch. 534, Sec. 47. (AB 1699) Effective January 1, 2018.)


text:
(a) A license under this chapter may be issued to an individual or any legal business entity. If issued to a business entity or individual that maintains more than one surplus line office from which it transacts that business with California residents, it shall name the natural person or persons located at each such surplus line office maintained by the licensee who is or are responsible for the proper discharge at each office of all duties placed upon the licensee acting as a surplus line broker and each of these natural persons are required to be licensed as a surplus line broker. Each natural person shall meet all of the requirements for the license.

(b) Every application for a license filed by a corporation shall contain the names and addresses of all stockholders owning 10 percent or more of the corporation’s stock, and of all officers and directors of the corporation. Every licensed corporation shall file a written notice with the commissioner of all changes, except address changes, of its stockholders who own 10 percent or more of the corporation’s stock and of all officers and directors of the corporation.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2011, Ch. 83, Sec. 22. (AB 315) Effective July 15, 2011. Operative July 21, 2011, by Sec. 34 of Stats. 2011, Ch. 83.)


text: Any natural person applying for a license to act as a surplus line broker shall prove his or her competency by showing he or she holds an existing license to act as a property broker-agent and casualty broker-agent, which requires passing the qualifying examination for that insurance broker’s license. Any natural person who is not a resident of California may prove his or her competency by showing that he or she holds an existing license for property and casualty in his or her resident state.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2012, Ch. 786, Sec. 36. (AB 2303) Effective January 1, 2013.)


text: If an applicant for any license under this chapter, within one year from the date of the receipt by the commissioner of the application, whether or not the filing is complete, neither fully qualifies for and receives that license on a permanent basis, nor is denied its issue, such application is automatically denied without prejudice to the filing of a new application for the license.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 2011, Ch. 83, Sec. 24. (AB 315) Effective July 15, 2011. Operative July 21, 2011, by Sec. 34 of Stats. 2011, Ch. 83.)


citation: INS § 1766

text: A payment of premium to a surplus line broker acting for a person other than himself or herself in negotiating, continuing, or renewing any policy of insurance under this chapter shall be deemed to be payment to the insurer, notwithstanding any conditions or stipulations in the policy or contract. Nothing in this section shall be deemed to relieve a surplus line broker or special lines’ surplus line broker of any obligation owed to a home state insured or home state insured applicant.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2011, Ch. 83, Sec. 25. (AB 315) Effective July 15, 2011. Operative July 21, 2011, by Sec. 34 of Stats. 2011, Ch. 83.)


citation: INS § 1767

text: A resident surplus line broker at all times shall maintain in good faith an office in this state and if he or she maintains more than one surplus line office in this state, he or she shall designate one of them as his or her principal surplus line office in this state and shall notify the commissioner of that designation. He or she shall report to the commissioner the addresses of all surplus line offices maintained by him or her in this state and any change in location of any of those offices. A nonresident surplus line broker at all times shall maintain in good faith an office in the state or territory of the United States in which he or she is licensed as a resident surplus line broker, and if he or she maintains more than one surplus line office in that state, he or she shall designate one of them as his or her principal surplus line office in that state and shall notify the commissioner of the designation. A resident licensee shall report to the commissioner the addresses of all surplus line offices maintained in this state and any change in location of any of those offices. Nonresident licensees shall report to the commissioner the addresses of all surplus line offices maintained in the state or territory of the United States in which the resident surplus line license is maintained and any change in location of any of those offices.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2002, Ch. 203, Sec. 19. Effective January 1, 2003.)


citation: INS § 1768

text:
A resident surplus line broker shall keep in this state complete records of the business transacted by him or her for California home state insureds with nonadmitted insurers under his or her license as a surplus line broker including all of the following documentation for each policy:

(a) Verification that the insured is a California home state insured.

(b) Verification that the commercial insured or industrial insured qualifies for the provisions of this code.

(c) Whether or not it is a single state policy or multistate policy.

(d) Where allocation of premium to the states is required, data necessary to make that allocation. A nonresident surplus line broker shall keep in the state where he or she is licensed as a resident surplus line broker complete records of the business transacted by him or her for California home state insureds with nonadmitted insurers under his or her California nonresident surplus line broker license, including subdivisions (a) to (d), inclusive. The commissioner may waive or modify any of the foregoing requirements by issuance of a notice published on the department’s Internet Web site.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2012, Ch. 162, Sec. 108. (SB 1171) Effective January 1, 2013.)


citation: INS § 1769

text: Whenever required so to do by the commissioner, such surplus line broker shall furnish to the commissioner a list of the admitted insurers from which the entire amount of insurance desired was not obtainable.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1994, Ch. 980, Sec. 6. Effective January 1, 1995.)


citation: INS § 1770

text: The commissioner, whenever he deems necessary, may examine the books and accounts of any surplus line broker for the purpose of determining whether or not the broker is conducting his business in accordance with the provisions of this chapter. For the purpose of making such examination such broker shall allow the commissioner free access at all times to all the broker’s books and papers, and the commissioner shall thoroughly inspect and examine all of the broker’s affairs.

history: (History: Enacted by Stats. 1935, Ch. 145.)


citation: INS § 1771

text: The costs and expenses of all examinations by the commissioner shall be paid as prescribed in Section 736.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1947, Ch. 1008.)


citation: INS § 1772

text:
(a) A surplus line insurer may be sued upon any cause of action arising in this state under any surplus line insurance contract made by it, or any evidence of insurance issued or delivered by the surplus line broker, pursuant to the procedure set forth in Sections 1610 to 1620, inclusive. Any policy or evidence of insurance issued by the surplus line insurer or the surplus line broker shall contain a provision stating the substance of this section, and designating the person to whom the commissioner shall mail process.

(b) Every surplus line insurer assuming a surplus line insurance shall be deemed thereby to have subjected itself to this chapter.

(c) The remedies provided by this section shall be in addition to any other methods provided by law for service of process.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 1994, Ch. 980, Sec. 7. Effective January 1, 1995.)


citation: INS § 1773

text: Surplus line brokers may advertise and solicit using print, electronic media, direct mail, and all other advertising or marketing media. These advertisements and solicitations may include a description of nonadmitted insurance products available through the surplus line broker, and may include the name of any nonadmitted insurer, provided that all of the following apply: (a) the insurer is authorized to accept placements from the surplus line broker pursuant to Section 1765.1, (b) a nonadmitted insurer’s name is not used in connection with any nonadmitted insurance product of that insurer, (c) the unlicensed status of the insurer or of the insurance products is disclosed in type of a size no smaller than any telephone number, address, or fax number appearing in the advertisement or solicitation, and (d) the advertisement or solicitation does not contain any assertion, representation, or statement with respect to the business of insurance, or with respect to any person in the conduct of his or her insurance business, that is untrue, deceptive, or misleading, and that is known, or that by the exercise of reasonable care should be known, to be untrue, deceptive, or misleading. If the insurance is available from an eligible nonadmitted insurer that is a member of a group of insurers, advertisements and solicitations in accordance with this section may include the name of the group. A surplus line broker’s advertisements and solicitations shall not include any information about a nonadmitted insurer’s premiums or rates.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2001, Ch. 448, Sec. 6. Effective January 1, 2002.)