text:
Every person described in Section 86115 shall file periodic reports containing the following information:

(a) The name, business address, email address, and telephone number of the lobbyist employer or other person filing the report.

(b) The total amount of payments to each lobbying firm.

(c) The total amount of all payments to lobbyists employed by the filer.

(d) The information required by subparagraph (B) of paragraph (2) of subdivision (a) of Section 86114. A person described in Section 86115 may, in a manner authorized by the commission, refer to and incorporate by reference the information contained in a report filed by the person’s lobbying firm pursuant to Section 86114 to meet the requirement of this subdivision.

(e) A periodic report completed and verified by each lobbyist employed by a lobbyist employer pursuant to Section 86113.

(f) Each activity expense of the filer. A total of all activity expenses of the filer shall be included.

(g) The date, amount, and the name of the recipient of any contribution of one hundred dollars ($100) or more made by the filer to an elected state officer, a state candidate, or a committee controlled by an elected state officer or state candidate, or a committee primarily formed to support or oppose the officer or candidate. If this contribution is reported by the filer or by a committee sponsored by the filer in a campaign report filed pursuant to Chapter 4 which is required to be filed with the Secretary of State, the filer may report only the name of the committee, and the identification number of the committee.

(h) (1) Except as set forth in paragraph (2), the total of all other payments to influence legislative or administrative action including overhead expenses and all payments to employees who spend more than 10 percent of their compensated time in any one month in activities related to influencing legislative or administrative action. Any payment to influence legislative or administrative action totaling two thousand five hundred dollars ($2,500) or more to a payee during a reporting period that was made in connection with an issue lobbying advertisement must include the identification number or, if none exists, the official title, popular name, or description of any legislative or administrative action clearly referred to in the issue lobbying advertisement as well as one of the following descriptions of the position of the filer who paid for the advertisement: “support,” “oppose,” “support if amended,” “oppose unless amended,” “neutral,” “neutral seeking amendment,” “neutral expressing concerns,” “no position,” or similar description.

(2) A filer that makes payments to influence a ratemaking or quasi-legislative proceeding before the Public Utilities Commission, as defined in subdivision (b) or (c), respectively, of Section 82002, may, in lieu of reporting those payments pursuant to paragraph (1), report only the portion of those payments made to or for the filer’s attorneys for time spent appearing as counsel and preparing to appear as counsel, or to or for the filer’s witnesses for time spent testifying and preparing to testify, in this type of Public Utilities Commission proceeding. This alternative reporting of these payments made during a calendar month is not required to include payments made to an attorney or witness who is an employee of the filer if 10 percent or less of the attorney’s or witness’s compensated time in that month was spent appearing, testifying, or preparing to appear or testify before the Public Utilities Commission in a ratemaking or quasi-legislative proceeding. For the purposes of this paragraph, time spent preparing to appear or preparing to testify does not include time spent preparing written testimony.

(i) Any other information required by the commission consistent with the purposes and provisions of this chapter.

history: (History: Amended (as amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 873, Sec. 2) by Stats. 2025, Ch. 278, Sec. 63. (AB 808) Effective January 1, 2026. Conditionally operative pursuant to Sec. 78 of Stats. 2025, Ch. 278.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 1. Registration and Reporting


kind: section

code: GOV

text:
(a) In addition to the information required pursuant to Section 86116, all state and local agencies that file reports pursuant to Sections 86115 and 86116 shall disclose, except for overhead expenses, all payments of two hundred fifty dollars ($250) or more made in a reporting period, including, but not limited to, all of the following:

(1) Goods and services used by a lobbyist or used to support or assist a lobbyist in connection with the lobbyist’s activities as a lobbyist.

(2) Payments of any other expenses which would not have been incurred but for the filer’s activities to influence or attempt to influence legislative or administrative action.

(3) Dues or similar payments made to any organization, including a federation, confederation, or trade, labor, or membership organization, that makes expenditures equal to 10 percent of its total expenditures, or fifteen thousand dollars ($15,000), or more, during any calendar quarter, to influence legislative or administrative action.

(b) Reports required pursuant to this section may be disclosed on a separate schedule and shall include all of the following information:

(1) The name and the address of the payee.

(2) The total payments made during the reporting period.

(3) The cumulative amount paid during the calendar year.

(c) All statements required by this section shall be filed as specified by Sections 86117 and 86118.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 50, Sec. 188. (AB 378) Effective January 1, 2022.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

chapter: 6. Lobbyists

article: 1. Registration and Reporting

path: 9. POLITICAL REFORM > 6. Lobbyists > 1. Registration and Reporting


text:
(a) Reports required by Sections 86114 and 86116 shall be filed during the month following each calendar quarter. The period covered shall be from the first day of January of each new biennial legislative session through the last day of the calendar quarter prior to the month during which the report is filed, except as specified in subdivision (b), and except that the period covered shall not include any information reported in previous reports filed by the same person. When total amounts are required to be reported, totals shall be stated both for the period covered by the statement and for the entire legislative session to date.

(b) The period covered by the first report a person is required to file pursuant to Sections 86114 and 86116 shall begin with the first day of the calendar quarter in which the filer first registered or qualified. On the first report a person is required to file, the total amount shall be stated for the entire calendar quarter covered by the first report.

(c) (1) During the period beginning 60 days before the date the Legislature is scheduled to adjourn for the interim recess or final recess, a person described in Section 86115 shall file a report within 48 hours of paying or incurring an enforceable promise to pay five thousand dollars ($5,000) or more to a lobbying firm to influence legislative action if the person described in Section 86115 did not employ the lobbying firm on the day immediately preceding the 60-day period. A report filed pursuant to this subdivision shall be made publicly available directly by the filer through the online filing system described in subdivision (b) of Section 84602 or, if the online filing system will not accommodate direct filing, the report shall be made publicly available by the Secretary of State through electronic means within 24 hours of the time the Secretary of State receives the filing.

(2) The report filed pursuant to this subdivision shall include the following:

(A) The name, business address, and telephone number of the lobbying firm or firms the filer has paid, or incurred an enforceable promise to pay, five thousand dollars ($5,000) or more for the purposes of influencing legislative action for any lobbying firm that was not employed by the filer on the day immediately preceding the 60th day before the date the Legislature is scheduled to adjourn for interim recess or final recess.

(B) The identification number or, if none exists, the official title, popular name, or description of all legislative actions for which the filer has authorized the lobbying firm to engage in direct communications with legislative officials for the purpose of influencing legislative action, and the dollar amount of payments or enforceable promises to make payments made or incurred by the filer to the lobbying firm as described in subparagraph (A) during the 60-day period.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 873, Sec. 3. (SB 459) Effective January 1, 2023. Conditionally operative on or after January 1, 2023, pursuant to Stats. 2022, Ch. 873.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 1. Registration and Reporting


text: The original and one copy of each report required by Sections 86114 and 86116 shall be filed with the Secretary of State, unless filing in paper format is no longer required by Sections 84605 and 84606.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2010, Ch. 18, Sec. 10. (AB 1181) Effective January 1, 2011. Superseded on operative date of amendment by Stats. 2018, Ch. 662.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 1. Registration and Reporting


text:
(a) Reports required by Sections 86114 and 86116 shall be filed online or electronically with the Secretary of State.

(b) Any form, registration, or report requiring paper filing pursuant to this chapter may be verified by the filer with an electronic signature.

history: (History: Amended (as amended by Stats. 2018, Ch. 662, Sec. 40) by Stats. 2022, Ch. 873, Sec. 4. (SB 459) Effective January 1, 2023. Conditionally operative on or after January 1, 2023, pursuant to Stats. 2022, Ch. 873.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 1. Registration and Reporting


text:
(a) (1) “Issue lobbying advertisement” means any advertisement as defined in paragraph (2) made for purposes of influencing a clearly identified legislative or administrative action, including an advertisement soliciting or urging a person to communicate directly with an elective state official, agency official, or legislative official for the primary purpose of attempting to influence a clearly identified state legislative or administrative action. An issue lobbying advertisement does not include a communication described in Section 85310, an advertisement expressly advocating the election or defeat of a candidate or ballot measure, an advertisement that qualifies as a contribution or independent expenditure, or any communication made by a political party or candidate-controlled committee.

(2) For purposes of this section, “advertisement” means any general or public communication and does not include communications exempted from the definition of advertisement in paragraph (2) of subdivision (a) of Section 84501.

(3) A legislative or administrative action is clearly identified if the communication states a legislative or administrative identification number, official title, or popular name associated with the action or if the communication refers to the subject matter of the action and states that the measure is before an elective state official, agency official, or legislative official for a vote or decision.

(b) (1) An issue lobbying advertisement shall clearly and conspicuously identify the person that authorized and paid for the advertisement by either of the following:

(A) Including the words “Paid for by” or “Ad paid for by” followed by the legal name of the person who authorized and paid for the advertisement in a manner that is easily readable by the average viewer. For video advertisements disseminated on television or via the internet, the words “Paid for by” or “Ad paid for by” shall be followed by the legal name of the person who authorized and paid for the advertisement and shall be displayed for at least 5 seconds of an advertisement that is 30 seconds or less or at least 10 seconds of an advertisement that is more than 30 seconds.

(B) Satisfying the requirements of Sections 84504 to 84504.7, inclusive, for the applicable medium of distributing the advertisement.

(2) The requirements of Section 84503 shall not apply to issue lobbying advertisements.

(c) (1) A person that pays or makes enforceable promises to pay five thousand dollars ($5,000) or more during a calendar quarter for issue lobbying advertisements shall file a report with the Secretary of State within 72 hours. The report shall be filed with the Secretary of State by online or electronic transmission using the online filing system described in subdivision (b) of Section 84602 each time a person pays or makes an enforceable promise to pay five thousand dollars ($5,000) or more during the calendar quarter.

(2) The report required by this subdivision shall include the following information:

(A) The total payments made and enforceable promises to pay incurred in connection with each issue lobbying advertisement required to be disclosed by this subdivision. The cost of an issue lobbying advertisement shall include actual costs attributable to the advertisement but shall not include the payment of compensation for staff time or travel expenses paid by an organization to members or staff.

(B) The date that each issue lobbying advertisement was or will be first publicly disseminated.

(C) The identification number of the legislative or administrative action that was the subject of the issue lobbying advertisement or, if there is no identification number, the official title, popular name, or description of the action.

(D) For each legislative or administrative action for which there were issue lobbying advertisements, the position on the legislative or administrative action urged on the lobbying issue advertisement, which may include “support,” “oppose,” “support if amended,” “oppose unless amended,” “neutral,” “neutral seeking amendment,” “neutral expressing concerns,” “no position,” or a similar description.

(E) The method of distributing the issue lobbying advertisement, including direct mail, text messages, television advertisements, radio advertisements, social media advertisements, search engine advertisements, or other types of online advertisements.

(F) The name of any Member of the Legislature or candidate for Member of the Legislature that is clearly identified in the issue lobbying advertisement.

(3) Payments for issue lobbying advertisements shall be disclosed on reports filed pursuant to Section 86115 notwithstanding any disclosure pursuant to this subdivision.

(d) This section is not intended and shall not be construed to expand the meaning of “lobbyist” as defined in Section 82039 or “lobbyist employer” as defined in Section 82039.5.

(e) This section does not apply to a placement agent, as defined in Section 82047.3.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 2022, Ch. 873, Sec. 5. (SB 459) Effective January 1, 2023. Conditionally operative on or after January 1, 2023, pursuant to Stats. 2022, Ch. 873.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 1. Registration and Reporting


text: “Gift” as used in this article means a gift made directly or indirectly to any state candidate, elected state officer, or legislative official, or to an agency official of any agency required to be listed on the registration statement of the lobbying firm or the lobbyist employer of the lobbyist.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1985, Ch. 1183, Sec. 8. Effective September 29, 1985. Note: This section was added on June 4, 1974, by initiative Prop. 9.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 2. Prohibitions

path: 9. POLITICAL REFORM > 6. Lobbyists > 2. Prohibitions


text: It shall be unlawful for a lobbyist, or lobbying firm, to make gifts to one person aggregating more than ten dollars ($10) in a calendar month, or to act as an agent or intermediary in the making of any gift, or to arrange for the making of any gift by any other person.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1985, Ch. 1183, Sec. 9. Effective September 29, 1985. Note: This section was added on June 4, 1974, by initiative Prop. 9.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 2. Prohibitions


text: It shall be unlawful for any person knowingly to receive any gift which is made unlawful by Section 86203.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1984, Ch. 161, Sec. 7. Note: This section was added on June 4, 1974, by initiative Prop. 9.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 2. Prohibitions


text:
No lobbyist or lobbying firm shall:

(a) Do anything with the purpose of placing any elected state officer, legislative official, agency official, or state candidate under personal obligation to the lobbyist, the lobbying firm, or the lobbyist’s or the firm’s employer.

(b) Deceive or attempt to deceive any elected state officer, legislative official, agency official, or state candidate with regard to any material fact pertinent to any pending or proposed legislative or administrative action.

(c) Cause or influence the introduction of any bill or amendment thereto for the purpose of thereafter being employed to secure its passage or defeat.

(d) Attempt to create a fictitious appearance of public favor or disfavor of any proposed legislative or administrative action or to cause any communication to be sent to any elected state officer, legislative official, agency official, or state candidate in the name of any fictitious person or in the name of any real person, except with the consent of such real person.

(e) Represent falsely, either directly or indirectly, that the lobbyist or the lobbying firm can control the official action of any elected state officer, legislative official, or agency official.

(f) Accept or agree to accept any payment in any way contingent upon the defeat, enactment, or outcome of any proposed legislative or administrative action.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1985, Ch. 1183, Sec. 10. Effective September 29, 1985. Note: This section was added on June 4, 1974, by initiative Prop. 9.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 2. Prohibitions


text: Nothing in this article prohibits the payment of fees for contractual services provided to an investment manager by a placement agent, as defined in Section 82047.3, who is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission and regulated by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, except as provided in subdivision (f) of Section 86205.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 2010, Ch. 668, Sec. 8. (AB 1743) Effective January 1, 2011.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 2. Prohibitions


text:
The provisions of this chapter are not applicable to:

(a) Any elected public official acting in the official’s official capacity, or any employee of the State of California acting within the scope of the employee’s employment; provided that, an employee of the State of California, other than a legislative official, who attempts to influence legislative action and who would be required to register as a lobbyist except for the provisions of this subdivision shall not make gifts of more than ten dollars ($10) in a calendar month to an elected state officer or legislative official.

(b) Any newspaper or other periodical of general circulation, book publisher, radio or television station (including any individual who owns, publishes, or is employed by any such newspaper or periodical or radio or television station) which in the ordinary course of business publishes news items, editorials, or other comments, or paid advertisement, which directly or indirectly urge legislative or administrative action if such newspaper, periodical, book publisher, radio or television station, or individual, engages in no further or other activities in connection with urging legislative or administrative action other than to appear before a committee of the Legislature or before a state agency in support of or in opposition to such action; or

(c) A person when representing a bona fide church or religious society solely for the purpose of protecting the public right to practice the doctrines of such church.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 50, Sec. 189. (AB 378) Effective January 1, 2022. Note: This section was added on June 4, 1974, by initiative Prop. 9.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 3. Exemptions

path: 9. POLITICAL REFORM > 6. Lobbyists > 3. Exemptions


text: A public official at any level of state or local government shall not make, participate in making, or in any way attempt to use the public official’s official position to influence a governmental decision in which the official knows or has reason to know the official has a financial interest.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 50, Sec. 190. (AB 378) Effective January 1, 2022.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

chapter: 7. Conflicts of Interest

article: 1. General Prohibition

path: 9. POLITICAL REFORM > 7. Conflicts of Interest > 1. General Prohibition


text:
(a) A registered professional engineer or licensed land surveyor who renders professional services as a consultant to a state or local government, either directly or through a firm in which the consultant is employed or is a principal, does not have a financial interest in a governmental decision pursuant to Section 87100 where the consultant renders professional engineering or land surveying services independently of the control and direction of the public agency and does not exercise public agency decisionmaking authority as a contract city or county engineer or surveyor.

(b) For purposes of this section, the consultant renders professional engineering or land surveying services independently of the control and direction of the public agency when the consultant is in responsible charge of the work pursuant to Section 6703 or 8703 of the Business and Professions Code.

(c) Subdivision (a) does not apply to that portion of the work that constitutes the recommendation of the actual formula to spread the costs of an assessment district’s improvements if both of the following apply:

(1) The engineer has received income of two hundred fifty dollars ($250) or more for professional services in connection with any parcel included in the benefit assessment district within 12 months prior to the creation of the district.

(2) The district includes other parcels in addition to those parcels for which the engineer received the income.

The recommendation of the actual formula does not include preliminary site studies, preliminary engineering, plans, specifications, estimates, compliance with environmental laws and regulations, or the collection of data and information, utilized in applying the formula.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 50, Sec. 191. (AB 378) Effective January 1, 2022.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 1. General Prohibition


text: Section 87100 does not prevent any public official from making or participating in the making of a governmental decision to the extent the official’s participation is legally required for the action or decision to be made. The fact that an official’s vote is needed to break a tie does not make the official’s participation legally required for purposes of this section.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 50, Sec. 192. (AB 378) Effective January 1, 2022.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 1. General Prohibition


text: The requirements of Section 87100 are in addition to the requirements of Articles 2 (commencing with Section 87200) and 3 (commencing with Section 87300) and any Conflict of Interest Code adopted thereunder. Except as provided in Section 87102.5, the remedies provided in Chapters 3 (commencing with Section 83100) and 11 (commencing with Section 91000) shall not be applicable to elected state officers for violations or threatened violations of this article.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1990, Ch. 84, Sec. 6. Note: This section was added on June 4, 1974, by initiative Prop. 9.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 1. General Prohibition


text:
(a) The remedies provided in Chapter 3 (commencing with Section 83100) apply to any Member of the Legislature who makes, participates in making, or in any way attempts to use the Member’s official position to influence any of the following governmental decisions in which the Member knows or has reason to know that the Member has a financial interest:

(1) Any state governmental decision, other than any action or decision before the Legislature, made in the course of the Member’s duties.

(2) Approval, modification, or cancellation of any contract to which either house or a committee of the Legislature is a party.

(3) Introduction as a lead author of any legislation that the Member knows or has reason to know is nongeneral legislation.

(4) Any vote in a legislative committee or subcommittee on what the Member knows or has reason to know is nongeneral legislation.

(5) Any rollcall vote on the Senate or Assembly floor on an item which the Member knows is nongeneral legislation.

(6) Any action or decision before the Legislature in which all of the following occur:

(A) The Member has received any salary, wages, commissions, or similar earned income within the preceding 12 months from a lobbyist employer.

(B) The Member knows or has reason to know the action or decision will have a direct and significant financial impact on the lobbyist employer.

(C) The action or decision will not have an impact on the public generally or a significant segment of the public in a similar manner.

(7) Any action or decision before the Legislature on legislation that the Member knows or has reason to know will have a direct and significant financial impact on any person, distinguishable from its impact on the public generally or a significant segment of the public, from whom the Member has received any compensation within the preceding 12 months for the purpose of appearing, agreeing to appear, or taking any other action on behalf of that person, before any local board or agency.

(b) For purposes of this section, all of the following apply:

(1) “Any action or decision before the Legislature” means any vote in a committee or subcommittee, or any rollcall vote on the floor of the Senate or Assembly.

(2) “Financial interest” means an interest as defined in Section 87103.

(3) “Legislation” means a bill, resolution, or constitutional amendment.

(4) “Nongeneral legislation” means legislation that is described in Section 87102.6 and is not of a general nature pursuant to Section 16 of Article IV of the Constitution.

(5) A Member of the Legislature has reason to know that an action or decision will have a direct and significant financial impact on a person with respect to which disqualification may be required pursuant to subdivision (a) if either of the following apply:

(A) With the knowledge of the Member, the person has attempted to influence the vote of the Member with respect to the action or decision.

(B) Facts have been brought to the Member’s personal attention indicating that the action or decision will have a direct and significant impact on the person.

(6) The prohibitions specified in subdivision (a) do not apply to a vote on the Budget Bill as a whole, or to a vote on a consent calendar, a motion for reconsideration, a waiver of any legislative rule, or any purely procedural matter.

(7) A Member of the Legislature has reason to know that legislation is nongeneral legislation if facts have been brought to the Member’s personal attention indicating that it is nongeneral legislation.

(8) Written advice given to a Member of the Legislature regarding the Member’s duties under this section by the Legislative Counsel shall have the same effect as advice given by the commission pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 83114 if both of the following apply:

(A) The Member has made the same written request based on the same material facts to the commission for advice pursuant to Section 83114 as to the Member’s duties under this section, as the written request and facts presented to the Legislative Counsel.

(B) The commission has not provided written advice pursuant to the Member’s request prior to the time the Member acts in good faith reliance on the advice of the Legislative Counsel.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 50, Sec. 193. (AB 378) Effective January 1, 2022.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 1. General Prohibition


text:
(a) “Nongeneral legislation” means legislation as to which both of the following apply:

(1) It is reasonably foreseeable that the legislation will have direct and significant financial impact on one or more identifiable persons, or one or more identifiable pieces of real property.

(2) It is not reasonably foreseeable that the legislation will have a similar impact on the public generally or on a significant segment of the public.

(b) For purposes of this section and Section 87102.5, all of the following apply:

(1) “Legislation” means a bill, resolution, or constitutional amendment.

(2) “Public generally” includes an industry, trade, or profession.

(3) Any recognized subgroup or specialty of the industry, trade, or profession constitutes a significant segment of the public.

(4) A legislative district, county, city, or special district constitutes a significant segment of the public.

(5) More than a small number of persons or pieces of real property is a significant segment of the public.

(6) Legislation, administrative action, or other governmental action impacts in a similar manner all members of the public, or all members of a significant segment of the public, on which it has a direct financial effect, whether or not the financial effect on individual members of the public or the significant segment of the public is the same as the impact on the other members of the public or the significant segment of the public.

(7) The Budget Bill as a whole is not nongeneral legislation.

(8) Legislation that contains at least one provision that constitutes nongeneral legislation is nongeneral legislation, even if the legislation also contains other provisions that are general and do not constitute nongeneral legislation.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2006, Ch. 538, Sec. 334. Effective January 1, 2007.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 1. General Prohibition


text:
(a) An elected state officer, as defined in subdivision (f) of Section 14 of Article V of the California Constitution, shall not make or participate in the making of, or use the officer’s official position to influence, any governmental decision before the agency in which the elected state officer serves, where the officer knows or has reason to know that the officer has a financial interest.

(b) An elected state officer knows or has reason to know that the officer has a financial interest in any action by, or a decision before the agency in which the officer serves where either of the following occur:

(1) The action or decision will have a direct and significant financial impact on a lobbyist employer from which the officer has received any salary, wages, commissions, or similar earned income within the preceding 12 months and the action or decision will not have an impact on the public generally or a significant segment of the public in a similar manner.

(2) The action or decision will have a direct and significant financial impact on any person, distinguishable from its impact on the public generally or a significant segment of the public, from whom the officer has received any compensation within the preceding 12 months for the purpose of appearing, agreeing to appear, or taking any other action on behalf of that person, before any local board or agency.

(c) The definitions of “public generally” and “significant segment of the public” contained in Section 87102.6 apply to this section.

(d) Notwithstanding Section 87102, the remedies provided in Chapter 3 (commencing with Section 83100) apply to violations of this section.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 50, Sec. 194. (AB 378) Effective January 1, 2022.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 1. General Prohibition


text:
A public official has a financial interest in a decision within the meaning of Section 87100 if it is reasonably foreseeable that the decision will have a material financial effect, distinguishable from its effect on the public generally, on the official, a member of the official’s immediate family, or on any of the following:

(a) Any business entity in which the public official has a direct or indirect investment worth two thousand dollars ($2,000) or more.

(b) Any real property in which the public official has a direct or indirect interest worth two thousand dollars ($2,000) or more.

(c) Any source of income, except gifts or loans by a commercial lending institution made in the regular course of business on terms available to the public without regard to official status, aggregating five hundred dollars ($500) or more in value provided or promised to, received by, the public official within 12 months prior to the time when the decision is made.

(d) Any business entity in which the public official is a director, officer, partner, trustee, employee, or holds any position of management.

(e) Any donor of, or any intermediary or agent for a donor of, a gift or gifts aggregating two hundred fifty dollars ($250) or more in value provided to, received by, or promised to the public official within 12 months prior to the time when the decision is made. The amount of the value of gifts specified by this subdivision shall be adjusted biennially by the commission to equal the same amount determined by the commission pursuant to subdivision (f) of Section 89503.

For purposes of this section, indirect investment or interest means any investment or interest owned by the spouse or dependent child of a public official, by an agent on behalf of a public official, or by a business entity or trust in which the official, the official’s agents, spouse, and dependent children own directly, indirectly, or beneficially a 10-percent interest or greater.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 50, Sec. 195. (AB 378) Effective January 1, 2022. Note: This section was added on June 4, 1974, by initiative Prop. 9.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 1. General Prohibition


text:
(a) Notwithstanding subdivision (c) of Section 87103, a retail customer of a business entity engaged in retail sales of goods or services to the public generally is not a source of income to an official who owns a 10-percent or greater interest in the entity if the retail customers of the business entity constitute a significant segment of the public generally, and the amount of income received by the business entity from the customer is not distinguishable from the amount of income received from its other retail customers.

(b) Notwithstanding subdivision (c) of Section 87103, in a jurisdiction with a population of 10,000 or less which is located in a county with 350 or fewer retail businesses, a retail customer of a business entity engaged in retail sales of goods or services to the public generally is not a source of income to an official of that jurisdiction who owns a 10-percent or greater interest in the entity, if the retail customers of the business entity constitute a significant segment of the public generally, and the amount of income received by the business entity from the customer does not exceed one percent of the gross sales revenues that the business entity earned during the 12 months prior to the time the decision is made.

(c) For the purposes of subdivision (b):

(1) Population in a jurisdiction shall be established by the United States Census.

(2) The number of retail businesses in a county shall be established by the previous quarter’s Covered Employment and Wages Report (ES-202) of the Labor Market Information Division of the California Employment Development Department.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2002, Ch. 654, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 2003.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 1. General Prohibition


text: Notwithstanding subdivision (c) of Section 87103, any person who makes a payment to a state agency or local government agency to defray the estimated reasonable costs to process any application, approval, or any other action, including but not limited to, holding public hearings and evaluating or preparing any report or document, shall not by reason of the payments be a source of income to a person who is retained or employed by the agency.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 1991, Ch. 887, Sec. 2. Effective October 14, 1991.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 1. General Prohibition


text:
(a) A public official of a state agency shall not, for compensation, act as an agent or attorney for, or otherwise represent, any other person by making any formal or informal appearance before, or any oral or written communication to, the official’s state agency or any officer or employee thereof, if the appearance or communication is for the purpose of influencing a decision on a contract, grant, loan, license, permit, or other entitlement for use.

(b) For purposes of this section, “public official” includes a member, officer, employee, or consultant of an advisory body to a state agency, whether the advisory body is created by statute or otherwise, except when the public official is representing the official’s employing state, local, or federal agency in an appearance before, or communication to, the advisory body.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 50, Sec. 196. (AB 378) Effective January 1, 2022.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 1. General Prohibition


text:
(a) A public official who holds an office specified in Section 87200 who has a financial interest in a decision within the meaning of Section 87100 shall, upon identifying a conflict of interest or a potential conflict of interest and immediately prior to the consideration of the matter, do all of the following:

(1) Publicly identify the financial interest that gives rise to the conflict of interest or potential conflict of interest in detail sufficient to be understood by the public, except that disclosure of the exact street address of a residence is not required.

(2) Recuse the public official’s own self from discussing and voting on the matter, or otherwise acting in violation of Section 87100.

(3) Leave the room until after the discussion, vote, and any other disposition of the matter is concluded, unless the matter has been placed on the portion of the agenda reserved for uncontested matters.

(4) Notwithstanding paragraph (3), a public official described in subdivision (a) may speak on the issue during the time that the general public speaks on the issue.

(b) This section does not apply to Members of the Legislature.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 50, Sec. 197. (AB 378) Effective January 1, 2022.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 1. General Prohibition


text: This article is applicable to elected state officers, judges and commissioners of courts of the judicial branch of government, members of the Public Utilities Commission, members of the State Energy Resources Conservation and Development Commission, members of the Fair Political Practices Commission, members of the California Coastal Commission, members of the High-Speed Rail Authority, members of planning commissions, members of the board of supervisors, district attorneys, county counsels, county treasurers, and chief administrative officers of counties, mayors, city managers, city attorneys, city treasurers, chief administrative officers and members of city councils of cities, and other public officials who manage public investments, and to candidates for any of these offices at any election.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2012, Ch. 626, Sec. 1. (AB 41) Effective September 27, 2012. Note: This section was added on June 4, 1974, by initiative Prop. 9.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 2. Disclosure

path: 9. POLITICAL REFORM > 7. Conflicts of Interest > 2. Disclosure


text:
(a) Members of the board of directors and the executive of a groundwater sustainability agency shall file statements of economic interests in accordance with this article with the Commission using the Commission’s online system for filing statements of economic interests.

(b) For purposes of this section, “executive” means the executive director, general manager, or other equivalent position of the groundwater sustainability agency.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 458, Sec. 2. (SB 1156) Effective January 1, 2025.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 2. Disclosure


text:
Every candidate for an office specified in Section 87200 other than a justice of an appellate court or the Supreme Court shall file no later than the final filing date of a declaration of candidacy, a statement disclosing the candidate’s investments, the candidate’s interests in real property, and any income received during the immediately preceding 12 months.

This statement shall not be required if the candidate has filed, within 60 days prior to the filing of the candidate’s declaration of candidacy, a statement for the same jurisdiction pursuant to Section 87202 or 87203.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 50, Sec. 198. (AB 378) Effective January 1, 2022. Note: This section was added on June 4, 1974, by initiative Prop. 9.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 2. Disclosure


text:
(a) (1) A person who is elected, appointed, or nominated to an office specified in Section 87200 shall file a statement disclosing the person’s investments and the person’s interests in real property held on the date of assuming office, income received during the 12 months before assuming office, and any arrangement for prospective employment if employment with that employer had not begun as of the date of assuming office.

(2) A person who is elected to an office specified in Section 87200 shall file the statement specified in paragraph (1) within 30 days of assuming office.

(3) A person who is appointed or nominated to an office specified in Section 87200 shall file the a statement specified in paragraph (1) within 30 days of assuming office, provided, however, that a person appointed or nominated to such an office who is subject to confirmation by the Commission on Judicial Appointments or the Senate shall file such a statement no more than 10 days after the appointment or nomination.

(4) The statement shall not be required if the person has filed, within 60 days prior to assuming office, a statement for the same jurisdiction pursuant to Section 87203.

(b) Every elected state officer who assumes office during the month of December or January shall file a statement pursuant to Section 87203 instead of this section, except that:

(1) The period covered for reporting investments and interests in real property shall begin on the date the person filed the person’s declarations of candidacy.

(2) The period covered for reporting income shall begin 12 months prior to the date the person assumed office.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2025, Ch. 186, Sec. 2. (AB 1286) Effective January 1, 2026. Note: This section was added on June 4, 1974, by initiative Prop. 9.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 2. Disclosure


text: A person who holds an office specified in Section 87200 shall, each year at a time specified by commission regulations, file a statement disclosing the person’s investments, interests in real property, income, and arrangements for prospective employment during the period since the previous statement filed under this section or Section 87202. The statement shall include any investments and interest in real property held at any time during the period covered by the statement, whether or not they are still held at the time of filing.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2025, Ch. 186, Sec. 3. (AB 1286) Effective January 1, 2026. Note: This section was added on June 4, 1974, by initiative Prop. 9.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 2. Disclosure


text: A person who leaves an office specified in Section 87200 shall, within 30 days after leaving the office, file a statement disclosing the person’s investments, interests in real property, income, and arrangements for prospective employment during the period since the previous statement filed under Sections 87202 or 87203. The statement shall include any investments and interests in real property held at any time during the period covered by the statement, whether or not they are still held at the time of filing.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2025, Ch. 186, Sec. 4. (AB 1286) Effective January 1, 2026.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 2. Disclosure


text: A person who completes a term of an office specified in Section 87200 and within 45 days begins a term of the same office or another such office of the same jurisdiction is deemed not to assume office or leave office.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2005, Ch. 200, Sec. 6. Effective January 1, 2006. Note: This section was added on June 4, 1974, by initiative Prop. 9.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 2. Disclosure


text:
If an investment or an interest in real property is required to be disclosed under this article, the statement shall contain:

(a) A statement of the nature of the investment or interest.

(b) The name of the business entity in which each investment is held, and a general description of the business activity in which the business entity is engaged.

(c) The address or other precise location of the real property.

(d) A statement whether the fair market value of the investment or interest in real property equals or exceeds two thousand dollars ($2,000) but does not exceed ten thousand dollars ($10,000), whether it exceeds ten thousand dollars ($10,000) but does not exceed one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000), whether it exceeds one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000) but does not exceed one million dollars ($1,000,000), or whether it exceeds one million dollars ($1,000,000).

(e) In the case of a statement filed under Sections 87203 or 87204, if the investment or interest in real property was partially or wholly acquired or disposed of during the period covered by the statement, the date of acquisition or disposal.

(f) For purposes of disclosure under this article, “interest in real property” does not include the principal residence of the filer or any other property which the filer utilizes exclusively as the personal residence of the filer.

(g) This section shall remain in effect only until January 1, 2027, and as of that date is repealed.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2025, Ch. 85, Sec. 3. (AB 1029) Effective January 1, 2026. Repealed as of January 1, 2027, by its own provisions. See later operative version added by Sec. 4 of Stats. 2025, Ch. 85. Note: This section was added on June 4, 1974, by initiative Prop. 9.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 2. Disclosure


text:
(a) If an investment or an interest in real property is required to be disclosed under this article, the statement shall contain:

(1) A statement of the nature of the investment or interest.

(2) For an investment in a business entity, the name of the business entity in which each investment is held, and a general description of the business activity in which the business entity is engaged.

(3) For an investment in a digital financial asset, the name of the asset as commonly known to the public.

(4) For an investment in real property, the address or other precise location of the real property.

(5) A statement whether the fair market value of the investment or interest in real property equals or exceeds two thousand dollars ($2,000) but does not exceed ten thousand dollars ($10,000), whether it exceeds ten thousand dollars ($10,000) but does not exceed one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000), whether it exceeds one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000) but does not exceed one million dollars ($1,000,000), or whether it exceeds one million dollars ($1,000,000).

(6) In the case of a statement filed under Sections 87203 or 87204, if the investment or interest in real property was partially or wholly acquired or disposed of during the period covered by the statement, the date of acquisition or disposal.

(b) For purposes of disclosure under this article, “interest in real property” does not include the principal residence of the filer or any other property which the filer utilizes exclusively as the personal residence of the filer.

(c) This section shall become operative January 1, 2027.

history: (History: Repealed (in Sec. 3) and added by Stats. 2025, Ch. 85, Sec. 4. (AB 1029) Effective January 1, 2026. Operative January 1, 2027, by its own provisions.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 2. Disclosure


text:
If an official must disclose a leasehold interest, the official shall do all of the following:

(a) Identify the interest as a leasehold interest.

(b) Disclose the number of years remaining on the lease.

(c) Provide the leased property’s address or other precise location.

(d) Provide the exact date the lease became effective or terminated if the lease became effective or terminated during the period covered by the statement.

(e) Disclose the value of the leasehold interest as specified in subdivision (d) of Section 87206.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 2019, Ch. 312, Sec. 19. (AB 902) Effective January 1, 2020.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 2. Disclosure


text:
(a) If income is required to be reported under this article, the statement shall contain, except as provided in subdivision (b):

(1) The name and street address of each source of income aggregating five hundred dollars ($500) or more in value, or fifty dollars ($50) or more in value if the income was a gift, and a general description of the business activity, if any, of each source.

(2) A statement whether the aggregate value of income from each source, or in the case of a loan, the highest amount owed to each source, was at least five hundred dollars ($500) but did not exceed one thousand dollars ($1,000), whether it was in excess of one thousand dollars ($1,000) but was not greater than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), whether it was greater than ten thousand dollars ($10,000) but not greater than one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000), or whether it was greater than one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000).

(3) A description of the consideration, if any, for which the income was received.

(4) In the case of a gift, the amount and the date on which the gift was received, and the travel destination for purposes of a gift that is a travel payment, advance, or reimbursement.

(5) In the case of a loan, the annual interest rate, the security, if any, given for the loan, and the term of the loan.

(b) If the filer’s pro rata share of income to a business entity, including income to a sole proprietorship, is required to be reported under this article, the statement shall contain:

(1) The name, street address, and a general description of the business activity of the business entity.

(2) The name of every person from whom the business entity received payments if the filer’s pro rata share of gross receipts from that person was equal to or greater than ten thousand dollars ($10,000) during a calendar year.

(c) If a payment, including an advance or reimbursement, for travel is required to be reported pursuant to this section, it may be reported on a separate travel reimbursement schedule which shall be included in the filer’s statement of economic interests. A filer who chooses not to use the travel schedule shall disclose payments for travel as a gift, unless it is clear from all surrounding circumstances that the services provided were equal to or greater in value than the payments for the travel, in which case the travel may be reported as income.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2019, Ch. 102, Sec. 4. (AB 903) Effective January 1, 2020. Note: This section was added on June 4, 1974, by initiative Prop. 9.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 2. Disclosure


text: When an arrangement for prospective employment is required to be reported under this article, the statement shall contain the date that the filer accepted the prospective employer’s offer of employment, the business position, a general description of the business activity of the prospective employer, and the name and street address of the prospective employer.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 2025, Ch. 186, Sec. 5. (AB 1286) Effective January 1, 2026.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 2. Disclosure


text: Except in statements required by Section 87203, investments and interests in real property which have been disclosed on a statement of economic interests filed in the same jurisdiction within the previous 60 days may be incorporated by reference.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 1976, Ch. 1161.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 2. Disclosure


text: When a statement is required to be filed under this article, every person specified in Section 87200 shall disclose any business positions held by that person. For purposes of this section, “business position” means any business entity in which the filer is a director, officer, partner, trustee, employee, or holds any position of management, if the business entity or any parent, subsidiary, or otherwise related business entity has an interest in real property in the jurisdiction, or does business or plans to do business in the jurisdiction or has done business in the jurisdiction at any time during the two years prior to the date the statement is required to be filed.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 1997, Ch. 455, Sec. 3. Effective September 24, 1997.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 2. Disclosure


text: A person shall not make a gift totaling fifty dollars ($50) or more in a calendar year to a person described in Article 2 on behalf of another, or while acting as the intermediary or agent of another, without disclosing to the recipient of the gift both the intermediary or agent’s own full name, street address, and business activity, if any, and the full name, street address, and business activity, if any, of the actual donor. The recipient of the gift shall include in the recipient’s Statement of Economic Interests the full name, street address, and business activity, if any, of the intermediary or agent and the actual donor.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 50, Sec. 202. (AB 378) Effective January 1, 2022.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 2. Disclosure


text:
This article does not apply to either of the following of the State Bar of California, who shall file statements under conflict of interest codes developed consistent with Section 87302:

(a) A member of the Board of Trustees.

(b) A designated employee.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 489, Sec. 3. (SB 1476) Effective January 1, 2025.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 2. Disclosure


text: Every agency shall adopt and promulgate a Conflict of Interest Code pursuant to the provisions of this article. A Conflict of Interest Code shall have the force of law and any violation of a Conflict of Interest Code by a designated employee shall be deemed a violation of this chapter.

history: (History: Added June 4, 1974, by initiative Proposition 9.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 3. Conflict of Interest Codes

path: 9. POLITICAL REFORM > 7. Conflicts of Interest > 3. Conflict of Interest Codes


text: It is the policy of this act that Conflict of Interest Codes shall be formulated at the most decentralized level possible, but without precluding intra-departmental review. Any question of the level of a department which should be deemed an “agency” for purposes of Section 87300 shall be resolved by the code reviewing body.

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 3. Conflict of Interest Codes


text:
Each conflict of interest code shall contain the following provisions:

(a) Specific enumeration of the positions within the agency, other than those specified in Section 87200, that involve the making or participation in the making of decisions which may foreseeably have a material effect on any financial interest and for each such enumerated position, the specific types of investments, business positions, interests in real property, and sources of income which are reportable. An investment, business position, interest in real property, or source of income shall be made reportable by the conflict of interest code if the business entity in which the investment or business position is held, the interest in real property, or the income or source of income may foreseeably be affected materially by any decision made or participated in by the designated employee by virtue of the designated employee’s position.

(b) Requirements that each designated employee, other than those specified in Section 87200, file statements at times and under circumstances described in this section, disclosing reportable investments, business positions, interests in real property, and income. The information disclosed with respect to reportable investments, interests in real property, and income shall be the same as the information required by Sections 87206 and 87207. The first statement filed under a conflict of interest code by a designated employee shall disclose any reportable investments, business positions, interests in real property, and income. An initial statement shall be filed by each designated employee within 30 days after the effective date of the conflict of interest code, disclosing investments, business positions, and interests in real property held on the effective date of the conflict of interest code and income received during the 12 months before the effective date of the conflict of interest code. Thereafter, each new designated employee shall file a statement within 30 days after assuming office, or, if subject to State Senate confirmation, 30 days after being appointed or nominated, disclosing investments, business positions, and interests in real property held on, and income received during the 12 months before, the date of assuming office or the date of being appointed or nominated, respectively. Each designated employee shall file an annual statement, at the time specified in the conflict of interest code, disclosing reportable investments, business positions, interest in real property, and income held or received at any time during the previous calendar year or since the date the designated employee took office if during the calendar year. Every designated employee who leaves office shall file, within 30 days of leaving office, a statement disclosing reportable investments, business positions, interests in real property, and income held or received at any time during the period between the closing date of the last statement required to be filed and the date of leaving office.

(c) Specific provisions setting forth any circumstances under which designated employees or categories of designated employees must disqualify themselves from making, participating in the making, or using their official position to influence the making of any decision. Disqualification shall be required by the conflict of interest code when the designated employee has a financial interest as defined in Section 87103, which it is reasonably foreseeable may be affected materially by the decision. A designated employee shall not be required to disqualify the employee’s own self with respect to any matter that could not legally be acted upon or decided without the designated employee’s participation.

(d) For any position enumerated pursuant to subdivision (a), an individual who resigns the position within 12 months following initial appointment or within 30 days of the date of a notice mailed by the filing officer of the individual’s filing obligation, whichever is earlier, is not deemed to assume or leave office, provided that during the period between appointment and resignation, the individual does not make, participate in making, or use the position to influence any decision of the agency or receive, or become entitled to receive, any form of payment by virtue of being appointed to the position. Within 30 days of the date of a notice mailed by the filing officer, the individual shall do both of the following:

(1) File a written resignation with the appointing power.

(2) File a written statement with the filing officer on a form prescribed by the commission and signed under the penalty of perjury stating that the individual, during the period between appointment and resignation, did not make, participate in the making, or use the position to influence any decision of the agency or receive, or become entitled to receive, any form of payment by virtue of being appointed to the position.

(e) This section shall remain in effect only until January 1, 2027, and as of that date is repealed.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2025, Ch. 85, Sec. 5. (AB 1029) Effective January 1, 2026. Repealed as of January 1, 2027, by its own provisions. See later operative version added by Sec. 6 of Stats. 2025, Ch. 85. Note: This section was added on June 4, 1974, by initiative Prop. 9.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 3. Conflict of Interest Codes


text:
Each conflict of interest code shall contain the following provisions:

(a) Specific enumeration of the positions within the agency, other than those specified in Section 87200, that involve the making or participation in the making of decisions which may foreseeably have a material effect on any financial interest and for each such enumerated position, the specific types of investments, business positions, interests in real property, and sources of income which are reportable. An investment, business position, interest in real property, or source of income shall be made reportable by the conflict of interest code if the business entity in which the investment or business position is held, the digital financial asset, the interest in real property, or the income or source of income may foreseeably be affected materially by any decision made or participated in by the designated employee by virtue of the designated employee’s position.

(b) Requirements that each designated employee, other than those specified in Section 87200, file statements at times and under circumstances described in this section, disclosing reportable investments, business positions, interests in real property, and income. The information disclosed with respect to reportable investments, interests in real property, and income shall be the same as the information required by Sections 87206 and 87207. The first statement filed under a conflict of interest code by a designated employee shall disclose any reportable investments, business positions, interests in real property, and income. An initial statement shall be filed by each designated employee within 30 days after the effective date of the conflict of interest code, disclosing investments, business positions, and interests in real property held on the effective date of the conflict of interest code and income received during the 12 months before the effective date of the conflict of interest code. Thereafter, each new designated employee shall file a statement within 30 days after assuming office, or, if subject to State Senate confirmation, 30 days after being appointed or nominated, disclosing investments, business positions, and interests in real property held on, and income received during the 12 months before, the date of assuming office or the date of being appointed or nominated, respectively. Each designated employee shall file an annual statement, at the time specified in the conflict of interest code, disclosing reportable investments, business positions, interest in real property, and income held or received at any time during the previous calendar year or since the date the designated employee took office if during the calendar year. Every designated employee who leaves office shall file, within 30 days of leaving office, a statement disclosing reportable investments, business positions, interests in real property, and income held or received at any time during the period between the closing date of the last statement required to be filed and the date of leaving office.

(c) Specific provisions setting forth any circumstances under which designated employees or categories of designated employees must disqualify themselves from making, participating in the making, or using their official position to influence the making of any decision. Disqualification shall be required by the conflict of interest code when the designated employee has a financial interest as defined in Section 87103, which it is reasonably foreseeable may be affected materially by the decision. A designated employee shall not be required to disqualify the employee’s own self with respect to any matter that could not legally be acted upon or decided without the designated employee’s participation.

(d) For any position enumerated pursuant to subdivision (a), an individual who resigns the position within 12 months following initial appointment or within 30 days of the date of a notice mailed by the filing officer of the individual’s filing obligation, whichever is earlier, is not deemed to assume or leave office, provided that during the period between appointment and resignation, the individual does not make, participate in making, or use the position to influence any decision of the agency or receive, or become entitled to receive, any form of payment by virtue of being appointed to the position. Within 30 days of the date of a notice mailed by the filing officer, the individual shall do both of the following:

(1) File a written resignation with the appointing power.

(2) File a written statement with the filing officer on a form prescribed by the commission and signed under the penalty of perjury stating that the individual, during the period between appointment and resignation, did not make, participate in the making, or use the position to influence any decision of the agency or receive, or become entitled to receive, any form of payment by virtue of being appointed to the position.

(e) This section shall become operative January 1, 2027.

history: (History: Repealed (in Sec. 5) and added by Stats. 2025, Ch. 85, Sec. 6. (AB 1029) Effective January 1, 2026. Operative January 1, 2027, by its own provisions.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 3. Conflict of Interest Codes


text:
(a) Every candidate for an elective office that is designated in a conflict of interest code shall file a statement disclosing the candidate’s investments, business positions, interests in real property, and income received during the immediately preceding 12 months, as enumerated in the disclosure requirements for that position. The statement shall be filed with the election official with whom the candidate’s declaration of candidacy or other nomination documents to appear on the ballot are required to be filed and shall be filed no later than the final filing date for the declaration or nomination documents.

(b) This section does not apply to either of the following:

(1) A candidate for an elective office designated in a conflict of interest code who has filed an initial, assuming office, or annual statement pursuant to that conflict of interest code within 60 days before the deadline specified in subdivision (a).

(2) A candidate for an elective office who has filed a statement for the office pursuant to Section 87302.6 within 60 days before the deadline specified in subdivision (a).

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 50, Sec. 204. (AB 378) Effective January 1, 2022.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 3. Conflict of Interest Codes


text: Notwithstanding Section 87302, a member of a board or commission of a newly created agency shall file a statement at the same time and in the same manner as those individuals required to file pursuant to Section 87200. A member shall file the member’s statement pursuant to Section 87302 once the agency adopts an approved conflict of interest code.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 50, Sec. 205. (AB 378) Effective January 1, 2022.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 3. Conflict of Interest Codes


text:
No conflict of interest code shall be effective until it has been approved by the code reviewing body. Each agency shall submit a proposed conflict of interest code to the code reviewing body by the deadline established for the agency by the code reviewing body. The deadline for a new agency shall be not later than six months after it comes into existence. Within 90 days after receiving the proposed code or receiving any proposed amendments or revisions, the code reviewing body shall do one of the following:

(a) Approve the proposed code as submitted.

(b) Revise the proposed code and approve it as revised.

(c) Return the proposed code to the agency for revision and resubmission within 60 days. The code reviewing body shall either approve the revised code or revise it and approve it. When a proposed conflict of interest code or amendment is approved by the code reviewing body, it shall be deemed adopted and shall be promulgated by the agency.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1997, Ch. 455, Sec. 4. Effective September 24, 1997. Note: This section was added on June 4, 1974, by initiative Prop. 9.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 3. Conflict of Interest Codes


text: If any agency fails to submit a proposed conflict of interest code or amendments, or if any state agency fails to report amendments pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 87306 within the time limits prescribed pursuant to Section 87303 or 87306, the code reviewing body may issue any appropriate order directed to the agency or take any other appropriate action, including the adoption of a conflict of interest code for the agency. If the code reviewing body does not issue an appropriate order or take other action within 90 days of the deadline imposed on the agency as prescribed in Section 87303 or 87306, the commission may issue any appropriate order directed to the agency or take any other appropriate action, including the adoption of a conflict of interest code for the agency. The commission shall consult with the agency before ordering the adoption of a conflict of interest code for the agency.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1991, Ch. 491, Sec. 4. Note: This section was added on June 4, 1974, by initiative Prop. 9.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 3. Conflict of Interest Codes


text: If after six months following the deadline for submission of the proposed Conflict of Interest Code to the code reviewing body no Conflict of Interest Code has been adopted and promulgated, the superior court may, in an action filed by the commission, the agency, the code reviewing body, any officer, employee, member or consultant of the agency, or any resident of the jurisdiction, prepare a Conflict of Interest Code and order its adoption by the agency or grant any other appropriate relief. The agency and the code reviewing body shall be parties to any action filed pursuant to this section.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1980, Ch. 765. Note: This section was added on June 4, 1974, by initiative Prop. 9.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 3. Conflict of Interest Codes


text:
(a) Every agency shall amend its Conflict of Interest Code, subject to the provisions of Section 87303, when change is necessitated by changed circumstances, including the creation of new positions which must be designated pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 87302 and relevant changes in the duties assigned to existing positions. Amendments or revisions shall be submitted to the code reviewing body within 90 days after the changed circumstances necessitating the amendments have become apparent. If after nine months following the occurrence of those changes the Conflict of Interest Code has not been amended or revised, the superior court may issue any appropriate order in an action brought under the procedures set forth in Section 87305.

(b) Notwithstanding subdivision (a), every state agency shall submit to the code reviewing body a biennial report identifying changes in its code, including, but not limited to, all new positions designated pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 87302, changes in the list of reportable sources of income, and relevant changes in the duties assigned to existing positions. These reports shall be submitted no later than March 1 of each odd-numbered year.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 1991, Ch. 491, Sec. 5. Note: This section was added on June 4, 1974, by initiative Prop. 9.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 3. Conflict of Interest Codes


text:
(a) No later than July 1 of each even-numbered year, the code reviewing body shall direct every local agency which has adopted a Conflict of Interest Code in accordance with this title to review its Conflict of Interest Code and, if a change in its code is necessitated by changed circumstances, submit an amended Conflict of Interest Code in accordance with subdivision (a) of Section 87302 and Section 87303 to the code reviewing body.

(b) Upon review of its code, if no change in the code is required, the local agency head shall submit a written statement to that effect to the code reviewing body no later than October 1 of the same year.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 1990, Ch. 1075, Sec. 5.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 3. Conflict of Interest Codes


text: An agency may at any time amend its Conflict of Interest Code, subject to the provisions of Section 87303, either upon its own initiative or in response to a petition submitted by an officer, employee, member or consultant of the agency, or a resident of the jurisdiction. If the agency fails to act upon such a petition within ninety days, the petition shall be deemed denied. Within thirty days after the denial of a petition, the petitioner may appeal to the code reviewing body. The code reviewing body shall either dismiss the appeal or issue an appropriate order to the agency within ninety days.

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 3. Conflict of Interest Codes


text: Judicial review of any action of a code reviewing body under this chapter may be sought by the commission, by the agency, by an officer, employee, member or consultant of the agency, or by a resident of the jurisdiction.

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 3. Conflict of Interest Codes


text:
A conflict of interest code or amendment shall not be approved by the code reviewing body or upheld by a court if it:

(a) Fails to provide reasonable assurance that all foreseeable potential conflict of interest situations will be disclosed or prevented;

(b) Fails to provide to each affected person a clear and specific statement of that person’s duties under the code; or

(c) Fails to adequately differentiate between designated employees with different powers and responsibilities.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 50, Sec. 206. (AB 378) Effective January 1, 2022.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 3. Conflict of Interest Codes


text: If the duties of a designated employee are so broad or indefinable that the requirements of Section 87309 cannot be complied with, the Conflict of Interest Code shall require the designated employee to comply with the requirements of Article 2 of this chapter.

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 3. Conflict of Interest Codes


text: The review of proposed Conflict of Interest Codes by the Commission and by the Attorney General and the preparation of proposed Conflict of Interest Codes by state agencies shall be subject to the Administrative Procedure Act. The review and preparation of Conflict of Interest Codes by local government agencies shall be carried out under procedures which guarantee to officers, employees, members, and consultants of the agency and to residents of the jurisdiction adequate notice and a fair opportunity to present their views.

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 3. Conflict of Interest Codes


text:
(a) Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 87311, the review of the Conflict of Interest Code of an agency in the judicial branch of government shall not be subject to the provisions of the Administrative Procedure Act. The review and preparation of Conflict of Interest Codes by these agencies shall be carried out under procedures that guarantee to officers, employees, members, and consultants of the agency and to residents of the jurisdiction adequate notice and a fair opportunity to present their views.

(b) Conflict of Interest Codes of the Judicial Council and the Commission on Judicial Performance shall not be subject to the provisions of subdivision (c) of Section 87302.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2024, Ch. 489, Sec. 4. (SB 1476) Effective January 1, 2025.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 3. Conflict of Interest Codes


text: The Commission shall, upon request, provide technical assistance to agencies in the preparation of Conflict of Interest Codes. Such assistance may include the preparation of model provisions for various types of agencies. Nothing in this section shall relieve each agency of the responsibility for adopting a Conflict of Interest Code appropriate to its individual circumstances.

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 3. Conflict of Interest Codes


text: A person shall not make a gift of fifty dollars ($50) or more in a calendar month on behalf of another, or while acting as the intermediary or agent of another to a person whom the intermediary or agent knows or has reason to know may be required to disclose the gift pursuant to a conflict of interest code, without disclosing to the recipient of the gift both the intermediary or agent’s own full name, street address, and business activity, if any, and the full name, street address, and business activity, if any, of the actual donor. The recipient of the gift shall include in the recipient’s Statement of Economic Interests the full name, street address, and business activity, if any, of the intermediary or agent and the actual donor.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 50, Sec. 207. (AB 378) Effective January 1, 2022.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 3. Conflict of Interest Codes


text:
(a) A board, commission, or agency of a public pension or retirement system shall attach to its Conflict of Interest Code an appendix entitled “Agency Positions that Manage Public Investments for Purposes of Section 87200 of the Government Code.” The appendix shall list each position with the board, commission, or agency for which an individual occupying the position is required to file a Statement of Economic Interests as a public official who manages public investments within the meaning of Section 87200. The board, commission, or agency shall post the appendix on its Internet Web site in a manner that makes it easily identifiable and accessible by persons who view that Web site.

(b) (1) For purposes of this section, “public official who manages public investments” includes a salaried or unsalaried member of a committee, board, commission, or other entity that exists as, or within, a governmental agency and that possesses decisionmaking authority.

(2) A committee, board, commission, or other entity possesses decisionmaking authority for purposes of this section if any of the following apply:

(A) The entity may make a final governmental decision.

(B) The entity may compel a governmental decision or prevent a governmental decision, either by virtue of possessing exclusive power to initiate the decision or by having veto authority that may not be overridden.

(C) The entity makes substantive recommendations that are, and over an extended period of time have been, regularly approved, without significant amendment or modification, by another public official or governmental agency.

(3) A committee, board, commission, or other entity does not possess decisionmaking authority for purposes of this section if it is formed for the sole purpose of researching a subject and preparing a report or recommendation for submission to another governmental entity that has final decisionmaking authority.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 2010, Ch. 702, Sec. 1. (SB 1271) Effective January 1, 2011.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 3. Conflict of Interest Codes


text:
(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, a person required to file more than one assuming office statement, statement of economic interests, or leaving office statement, due to the filer’s status as a designated employee for more than one joint powers insurance agency, may elect to file a multiagency statement disclosing all investments in entities doing business in the state, all interests in real property located within the state, and all income received during the applicable time period, in lieu of filing the disclosure statements for each agency.

(b) The filer shall notify the commission of the filer’s decision to become a multiagency filer. This status shall continue until revoked by the filer.

(c) This section shall remain in effect only until January 1, 2027, and as of that date is repealed.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2025, Ch. 85, Sec. 7. (AB 1029) Effective January 1, 2026. Repealed as of January 1, 2027, by its own provisions. See later operative version added by Sec. 8 of Stats. 2025, Ch. 85.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 3.5. Multiagency Filers

path: 9. POLITICAL REFORM > 7. Conflicts of Interest > 3.5. Multiagency Filers


text:
(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, a person required to file more than one assuming office statement, statement of economic interests, or leaving office statement, due to the filer’s status as a designated employee for more than one joint powers insurance agency, may elect to file a multiagency statement disclosing all investments in entities doing business in the state, investments in digital financial assets, interests in real property located within the state, and income received during the applicable time period, in lieu of filing the disclosure statements for each agency.

(b) The filer shall notify the commission of the filer’s decision to become a multiagency filer. This status shall continue until revoked by the filer.

(c) This section shall become operative January 1, 2027.

history: (History: Repealed (in Sec. 7) and added by Stats. 2025, Ch. 85, Sec. 8. (AB 1029) Effective January 1, 2026. Operative January 1, 2027, by its own provisions.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 3.5. Multiagency Filers


text:
Unless the contrary is stated or clearly appears from the context, the definitions set forth in this section shall govern the interpretation of this article.

(a) “State administrative agency” means every state office, department, division, bureau, board, and commission, but does not include the Legislature, the courts, or any agency in the judicial branch of government.

(b) “State administrative official” means every member, officer, employee, or consultant of a state administrative agency who as part of that person’s official responsibilities engages in any judicial, quasi-judicial, or other proceeding in other than a purely clerical, secretarial, or ministerial capacity.

(c) “Judicial, quasi-judicial, or other proceeding” means any proceeding, application, request for a ruling or other determination, contract, claim, controversy, investigation, charge, accusation, arrest, or other particular matter involving a specific party or parties in any court or state administrative agency, including, but not limited to, any proceeding governed by Chapter 5 (commencing with Section 11500) of Division 3 of Title 2 of the Government Code.

(d) “Participated” means to have taken part personally and substantially through decision, approval, disapproval, formal written recommendation, rendering advice on a substantial basis, investigation, or use of confidential information as an officer or employee, but excluding approval, disapproval, or rendering of legal advisory opinions to departmental or agency staff which do not involve a specific party or parties.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 50, Sec. 209. (AB 378) Effective January 1, 2022.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

path: 9. POLITICAL REFORM > 7. Conflicts of Interest > 4. Disqualification of Former Officers and Employees


text:
A former state administrative official, after the termination of the official’s employment or term of office, shall not, for compensation, act as agent or attorney for, or otherwise represent, any other person (other than the State of California) before any court or state administrative agency or any officer or employee thereof by making any formal or informal appearance, or by making any oral or written communication with the intent to influence, in connection with any judicial, quasi-judicial, or other proceeding if both of the following apply:

(a) The State of California is a party or has a direct and substantial interest.

(b) The proceeding is one in which the former state administrative official participated.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 50, Sec. 210. (AB 378) Effective January 1, 2022.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM

article: 4. Disqualification of Former Officers and Employees


text: A former state administrative official, after the termination of the official’s employment or term of office shall not, for compensation, aid, advise, counsel, consult, or assist in representing any other person (except the State of California) in any proceeding in which the official would be prohibited from appearing under Section 87401.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 50, Sec. 211. (AB 378) Effective January 1, 2022.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM


text:
The prohibitions contained in Sections 87401 and 87402 shall not apply:

(a) To prevent a former state administrative official from making or providing a statement, which is based on the former state administrative official’s own special knowledge in the particular area that is the subject of the statement, provided that no compensation is thereby received other than that regularly provided for by law or regulation for witnesses; or

(b) To communications made solely for the purpose of furnishing information by a former state administrative official if the court or state administrative agency to which the communication is directed makes findings in writing that:

(1) The former state administrative official has outstanding and otherwise unavailable qualifications;

(2) The former state administrative official is acting with respect to a particular matter which requires such qualifications; and

(3) The public interest would be served by the participation of the former state administrative official; or

(c) With respect to appearances or communications in a proceeding in which a court or state administrative agency has issued a final order, decree, decision or judgment but has retained jurisdiction if the state administrative agency of former employment gives its consent by determining that:

(1) At least five years have elapsed since the termination of the former state administrative official’s employment or term of office; and

(2) The public interest would not be harmed.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 1980, Ch. 66.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM


text: Upon the petition of any interested person or party, the court or the presiding or other officer, including but not limited to a hearing officer serving pursuant to Section 11512 of the Government Code, in any judicial, quasi-judicial or other proceeding, including but not limited to any proceeding pursuant to Chapter 5 (commencing with Section 11500) of Part 1 of Division 3 of Title 2 of the Government Code may, after notice and an opportunity for a hearing, exclude any person found to be in violation of this article from further participation, or from assisting or counseling any other participant, in the proceeding then pending before such court or presiding or other officer.

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM


text: The requirements imposed by this article shall not apply to any person who left government service prior to the effective date of this article except that any such person who returns to government service on or after the effective date of this article shall thereafter be covered thereby.

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM


text:
(a) This section shall be known, and may be cited, as the Milton Marks Postgovernment Employment Restrictions Act of 1990.

(b) (1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), a Member of the Legislature, for a period of one year after leaving office, shall not, for compensation, act as agent or attorney for, or otherwise represent, any other person by making any formal or informal appearance, or by making any oral or written communication, before the Legislature, any committee or subcommittee thereof, any present Member of the Legislature, or any officer or employee thereof, if the appearance or communication is made for the purpose of influencing legislative action.

(2) A Member of the Legislature who resigns from office, for a period commencing with the effective date of the resignation and concluding one year after the adjournment sine die of the session in which the resignation occurred, shall not, for compensation, act as agent or attorney for, or otherwise represent, any other person by making any formal or informal appearance, or by making any oral or written communication, before the Legislature, any committee or subcommittee thereof, any present Member of the Legislature, or any officer or employee thereof, if the appearance or communication is made for the purpose of influencing legislative action.

(c) An elected state officer, other than a Member of the Legislature, for a period of one year after leaving office, shall not, for compensation, act as agent or attorney for, or otherwise represent, any other person by making any formal or informal appearance, or by making any oral or written communication, before any state administrative agency, or any officer or employee thereof, if the appearance or communication is for the purpose of influencing administrative action, or influencing any action or proceeding involving the issuance, amendment, awarding, or revocation of a permit, license, grant, or contract, or the sale or purchase of goods or property. For purposes of this subdivision, an appearance before a “state administrative agency” does not include an appearance in a court of law, before an administrative law judge, or before the Workers’ Compensation Appeals Board.

(d) (1) A designated employee of a state administrative agency, any officer, employee, or consultant of a state administrative agency who holds a position that entails the making, or participation in the making, of decisions that may foreseeably have a material effect on any financial interest, and a member of a state administrative agency, for a period of one year after leaving office or employment, shall not, for compensation, act as agent or attorney for, or otherwise represent, any other person, by making any formal or informal appearance, or by making any oral or written communication, before any state administrative agency, or officer or employee thereof, for which the individual worked or represented during the 12 months before leaving office or employment, if the appearance or communication is made for the purpose of influencing administrative or legislative action, or influencing any action or proceeding involving the issuance, amendment, awarding, or revocation of a permit, license, grant, or contract, or the sale or purchase of goods or property. For purposes of this paragraph, an appearance before a state administrative agency does not include an appearance in a court of law, before an administrative law judge, or before the Workers’ Compensation Appeals Board. The prohibition of this paragraph only applies to designated employees employed by a state administrative agency on or after January 7, 1991.

(2) For purposes of paragraph (1), a state administrative agency of a designated employee of the Governor’s office includes any state administrative agency subject to the direction and control of the Governor.

(e) The prohibitions contained in subdivisions (b), (c), and (d) do not apply to any individual subject to this section who is or becomes either of the following:

(1) An officer or employee of another state agency, board, or commission if the appearance or communication is for the purpose of influencing legislative or administrative action on behalf of the state agency, board, or commission.

(2) An official holding an elective office of a local government agency if the appearance or communication is for the purpose of influencing legislative or administrative action on behalf of the local government agency.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 50, Sec. 212. (AB 378) Effective January 1, 2022.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM


text:
(a) For purposes of this section, “district” means an air pollution control district or air quality management district and “district board” means the governing body of an air pollution control district or an air quality management district.

(b) No former member of a district board, and no former officer or employee of a district who held a position which entailed the making, or participation in the making, of decisions which may foreseeably have a material effect on any financial interest, shall, for a period of one year after leaving that office or employment, act as agent or attorney for, or otherwise represent, for compensation, any other person, by making any formal or informal appearance before, or by making any oral or written communication to, that district board, or any committee, subcommittee, or present member of that district board, or any officer or employee of the district, if the appearance or communication is made for the purpose of influencing regulatory action.

(c) Subdivision (b) shall not apply to any individual who is, at the time of the appearance or communication, a board member, officer, or employee of another district or an employee or representative of a public agency.

(d) This section applies to members and former members of district hearing boards.

history: (History: Added by Stats. 1994, Ch. 747, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 1995.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM


text:
(a) A local elected official, chief administrative officer of a county, city manager, or general manager or chief administrator of a special district who held a position with a local government agency as defined in Section 82041 shall not, for a period of one year after leaving that office or employment, act as agent or attorney for, or otherwise represent, for compensation, any other person, by making any formal or informal appearance before, or by making any oral or written communication to, that local government agency, or any committee, subcommittee, or present member of that local government agency, or any officer or employee of the local government agency, if the appearance or communication is made for the purpose of influencing administrative or legislative action, or influencing any action or proceeding involving the issuance, amendment, awarding, or revocation of a permit, license, grant, or contract, or the sale or purchase of goods or property.

(b) (1) Subdivision (a) does not apply to an individual who is, at the time of the appearance or communication, a board member, officer, or employee of another local government agency or an employee or representative of a public agency and is appearing or communicating on behalf of that agency.

(2) Subdivision (a) applies to an individual who is, at the time of the appearance or communication, an independent contractor of a local government agency or a public agency and is appearing or communicating on behalf of that agency.

(c) This section does not preclude a local government agency from adopting an ordinance or policy that restricts the appearance of a former local official before that local government agency if that ordinance or policy is more restrictive than subdivision (a).

(d) Notwithstanding Sections 82002 and 82037, the following definitions apply for purposes of this section only:

(1) “Administrative action” means the proposal, drafting, development, consideration, amendment, enactment, or defeat by any local government agency of any matter, including any rule, regulation, or other action in any regulatory proceeding, whether quasi-legislative or quasi-judicial. Administrative action does not include any action that is solely ministerial.

(2) “Legislative action” means the drafting, introduction, modification, enactment, defeat, approval, or veto of any ordinance, amendment, resolution, report, nomination, or other matter by the legislative body of a local government agency or by any committee or subcommittee thereof, or by a member or employee of the legislative body of the local government agency acting in the member or employee’s official capacity.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 50, Sec. 213. (AB 378) Effective January 1, 2022.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM


text: A public official shall not make, participate in making, or use the public official’s official position to influence, any governmental decision directly relating to any person with whom the public official is negotiating, or has any arrangement concerning, prospective employment.

history: (History: Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 50, Sec. 214. (AB 378) Effective January 1, 2022.)

title: 9. POLITICAL REFORM